Psych Mod 8

Short Answer: 1. Describe 2 typical symptoms observed in the middle stages of Alzheimer's Disease. 2. Based on what you learned in this module, what do you think it means to age successfully? In your answer, be sure to include concepts that you learned in the module (but use your own words in your description). 3. Why is the "Wear and Tear" theory of biological aging an inadequate explanation of why we age? Be detailed in your answer. 4. Why do theorists and practitioners today criticize disengagement theory? Be specific. 5. What is the term for comfort care for a terminally ill individual? Hint: the word starts with the letter "P." 6. Compare and contrast active and passive euthanasia. Be sure to both compare and contrast. 7. Describe Elizabeth Kubler-Ross's five stages of dying. 8. Describe 3 typical symptoms observed in the early stages of Alzheimer's Disease. 9. Compare and contrast Primary and Secondary aging. 10. Which theory do you think is the most helpful for older adults: Activity Theory or Selective Optimization with Compensation Theory? Pick one of these theories, describe it, and then indicate why you think that this theory would be helpful for older adults. Be specific and detailed.

1. During middle stages, trouble with self-care and independence, forgetting family members' names, gait problems. 2. Age successfully is when older adult is able to manage their emotional and physical effectively. They will selective on what activities more suitable for themselves. They are willing to maintain the pratice of body training even they may have decline in some other areas. They accept the fact that they cannot function as they used to and learn how to compensate to new changes. Making ourselves changes to adapt new enviroment seems very normal to all of us, but it is very important for older adults to adapt to new changes rather than decline by withdraw themselves from society. 3. The body normally can repair itself—so the theory doesn't actually address what causes aging; being more active actually promotes health. -- Wear and Tear theory focus on our body will age by time, but there are many holes in this theory that cannot explain how our body works. In fact, our body is able to repair itself under normal circumstances, then the question do how our body work at old ages? It will be able to repair or repair at slow speed that cannot keep up with the tear? Since the theory cannot explain all of these question, so this theory is inadequate explanation of why we age. 4. Withdrawal can harm someone's physical health, cognition, and social life -- About disengagement theory focus on how older adults withdraw themselves from society in order to prepare for death, so they started to decrease social interaction. So many theorists and practitioners have criticized about this theory because the withdraw from society also involving in physical, and cognitive consequences from aging. The view of "use it or lose it" is more situable to philosophy for experts and practitioners. 5. Pallative care 6. Contrast: Active—agent is administered to hasten death. Passive: life-saving measures are not used. Compare: both are a choice to not allow life to continue/prolong 7. Denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance. 8. Forgetting common nouns, forgetting some names, other speech difficulties, trouble with daily activities, change in mood 9. Primary aging is biological aging caused by genes, this aging is unavoidable, while Secondary aging is not inevitable and is mostly cause by our lifes choices and the environment. 10. In my opinion, the Selective Optimization and Compensation Theory is most helpful for older adults. This is the theory of successful aging were the older adult due to inevitable decline as they age Select the activities that they can do to stay active especially since they cannot do some activities due to physical decline in aging, then they optimize by practicing what they can do so that they do not loose the cognitive ability of that activity as described by the "use it or loose" it phrase in cognitive development and finally, the older adults need to compensate for every activitiy they carry out by resting and or in some cases driving slowly or walking slowly to accomodate these period of physical decline as they age. I think the Selective Optimization with Compensation theory balances out the other two theorys properly. The theory of disengagement and active theory. Because older adults need to remain active and at the same time in moderation and this is what the theory of selection optimization with compensation portrays.

Long Answer: 1. Your friend's father has just been diagnosed with Alzheimer's Disease. Your friend says, "This is because he drank so much Fresca out of those stupid aluminum cans. And the aspartame—I bet that contributed, too." Write out a response that gently corrects your friend's misconceptions and describes what is actually known about the causes of Alzheimer's Disease.

1. I am sorry to hear about the diagnosis of your father. I know we hear a lot of things to be the casue of Alzheimer's Disease but research has ruled out many enviromnetal factors suchs as aluminum and aspartame. So please dont be upset with him about those. The precise cause is still unkown but they have found that the amlyoid plaques and neurofibrilay tangles characterize the brians of people with Alzheirmer's Disease. Alzheimer's Disease is not part of aging, not all older adults will have AD but 60% are diagnosis with Alzheimer disease. The Alzheimer's Disease is progressive shrinking of neuron (brain cells), cause declining in memory and start to have problem with daily activities till the point that older adults cannot walk, talk because they cannot remember how to perform these tasks. Cognitive functioning will continue to deteriorate. The length of time it takes from beginning stage to final stages varies. For some, it is more rapid decline of a few years but others can take up to more than 10 years. genetics (APOE gene on chromosome 19-- one allele increases the risk, mutations on chromosome 1, 14, 21 that increase risk for early onset), amyloid plaques & neurofibrillary tangles harming cells, acetylcholine deficiency, vascular issues

T/F: 1. About half of the individuals who take medications to treat Alzheimer's Disease find that the progression of the disease seems to temporarily shut down 2. The length of time from the beginning to final stages of Alzheimer's Disease varies greatly across individuals. 3. According to Selection with Optimization theory, older adults should be more selective in what activities they choose to do. 4. Alzheimer's does not affect people who are in their 40s 5. Some people experience rapid memory loss and decreased cognitive abilities as a result of Alzheimer's Disease, while other's progression with the disease is much slower. 6. Individuals who develop Alzheimer's Disease at a young age tend to have a version of the disease that is strongly geneticallybased.

1. True 2. True 3. True 4. False 5. True 6. True

Multiple Choice: 1. Seventy-year-old Elizabeth has trouble remembering how to use her DVR and relies on her daughter to occasionally help her. Is this most likely a sign of Alzheimer's Disease or an age-related change? 2. Jan is a widow. After her husband died, she stopped spending time with friends. Over a decade later, Junie is in her 80's. She's now not as involved in her church, and feels that she's too old to do much. Which of the following socioemotional theories of aging best fits her viewpoint: Disengagement, Activity, or Selective Optimization with Compensation. 3. Who typically live longer: women or men? 4. Seventy-year-old Donna lost her keys. She loses them every week. But, she's always able to retrace her steps and find them. Is this most likely a sign of Alzheimer's Disease or an age-related change? 5. A child who has a biological parent with early-onset Alzheimer's Disease carries a _____ chance of inheriting the mutation that may cause early-onset AD 6. Maxine works in an assisted living facility. She encourages residents to get involved in as many events and social gatherings as possible. Which of the following socioemotional theories of aging best fits her viewpoint: Disengagement, Activity, or Selective Optimization with Compensation. 7. Jan is about to celebrate her 80th birthday. She's fond of saying, "It's all downhill after 75!" After she retired, she gradually stopped socializing with her friends. She now rarely leaves her house. Which of the following socioemotional theories of aging best fits the meaning behind what she is saying: Disengagement, Activity, or Selective Optimization with Compensation. 8. Which of the following individuals is NOT in late adulthood? 9. Seventy-year-old Abe thinks that the current year is 1997. Should his family be concerned that he might have Alzheimer's Disease? 10. For the following example, indicate which stage of Elizabeth KublerRoss's Stage theory is being depicted. When Alex heard about his wife's diagnosis of a terminal illness, he said to the doctor, "Well, what if we really changed her diet? I mean, I think if we cut out all trans fats..." 11. Which of the following is the best summary of Activity theory? 12. For the following descriptions, identify the most likely type of neurocognitive disorder most likely indicated by these symptoms and situations. Vera began drinking heavily in her early 20s. She continued this pattern throughout her life and is now in her 70s. She has been hospitalized with liver disease. Prior to this hospitalization, her children noticed some that she's been having trouble dressing herself and is exhibiting some marked forgetfulness.

1. age-related change 2. disengagement 3. women 4. age-related change 5. 50% 6. activity 7. disengagement 8. 55 year old man 9. Yes 10. bargaining 11. Older adults should remain as active as possible. 12. substance/medication induced

2. When diagnosing Alzheimer's Disease, why is it important to rule out other illnesses? Be specific in your answer, indicating what other illnesses and disease may mirror Alzheimer's symptoms. Finally, describe two types of assessments/tests that should be conducted when making a diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease. Be sure to mention the purpose of each assessment.

It's important to rule out other illnesses because Alzheimer is a combination of several dementias a neurogognitive disorder that decreases cognitive abilities due to physical reasons of certain diseases. These are neurocognitive disorders that are also factors that aids the processes of Alzheimers, diseases like schizophreniac and osteoporosis. Also, diseases like autisim may also mirror in Alzheimers diseases (AD). In addition it is common for adults to face some cognitive changes as they age which might look like some symptoms of AD like for instance mild memory loss, and so to be sure that someone actually has Alzheimer's diseases a thorough diagnosis is to be carried out. Two types of tests that should be carried out when making a diagnosis of Alzhemer's Diseases are; Psychiatrist/Psychologist screens the mental health of the individual to be sure the individual is his or her right senses The nurse carries out screening of the Physical health of the individual with AD matching it with physical declines and symptoms in a person with AD for example Gait problems. These can also be enhanced by usuing the FMRI that is, the functiion MRI to check imaging of the brain.