psych module 4

The area of the brain stem that is important in controlling breathing is the

medulla

Which of the following would most likely result from an injury to the medulla?

A life-threatening disruption of heartbeat and breathing

Brain damage that leaves a person capable of understanding speech but with an impaired ability to produce speech most likely indicates injury to which of the following?

Broca's area

Cocaine blocks the reuptake of which neurotransmitter?

Dopamine

Sam has shown some marked changes in the way he is able to communicate after having a stroke. He knows what he wants to say, but his speech is slow and labored. Sam's grammar is also quite poor. The part of Sam's brain that most likely sustained damage is

Broca's area

In terms of the effect on the central nervous system, alcohol is most accurately classified as which of the following types of drug?

Depressant

Which of the following brain structures has the strongest influence on hunger and satiety?

Hypothalamus

In the figure above, a patient has been asked to draw a slash through each circle. The pattern of responses suggests that the patient has most likely experienced damage in which of the following areas?

Right hemisphere

If an individual has lost the ability to feel pain in the left arm, there is most likely damage to what area of the brain?

Right parietal lobe

Based on its effects on the central nervous system, alcohol can be classified as

a depressant

An individual who drinks alcohol daily finds it necessary to drink increasing amounts to achieve the state of well-being attained in the past. This individual is showing

alcohol tolerance

Difficulty in typing smoothly on a keyboard would most likely result from damage to the

cerebellum

A participant in a study of music perception listens to music with electrodes attached to her scalp while data are collected on the activity of her brain. This technique is called

electroencephalography (EEG)

Brain lateralization refers to the

inclination for certain cognitive processes to be specialized to one hemisphere of the brain or the other

Dr. Naum is studying the function of the medial temporal lobe of the brain by examining the case study of J.S., an individual who incurred damage in this area during a motor vehicle accident. Dr. Naum administers a battery of tasks multiple times over the course of several weeks to assess J.S.'s cognitive abilities. The graph below shows J.S.'s performance on three different tasks. The bar on the left shows his accuracy forming new memories in a lab context, the middle bar shows his accuracy on a driving course, and the bar on the right shows his accuracy on a third task

remembering events that occurred shortly before his accident

The right occipital lobe receives visual information from the

right half of both retinas

Damage to which of the following brain structures may cause the inability to detect the emotional significance of facial expressions, especially those demonstrating fear?

Amygdala

Damage to the cerebellum would most likely result in which of the following problems?

A loss of motor coordination

Electrically stimulating a rat's amygdala would most likely produce which of the following?

Aggression

A certain drug reduces the activity of the central nervous system, including the hippocampus and cerebellum. It affects several neurotransmitters, most notably gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Which of the following is most like the drug in question ?

Alcohol

Which of the following brain structures is most associated with the emotion of fear?

Amygdala

Which of the following will NOT increase behavioral and mental activity?

Barbiturates

Which of the following parts of the brain is most active in decision-making?

Cerebral cortex

Which of the following psychoactive drugs increases nervous system activity?

Cocaine

Which of the following allows the examination of living brain tissue visually without performing surgery?

Computerized axial tomography

In extreme cases, surgically severing the corpus callosum is a treatment for which of the following conditions?

Epilepsy

A person with a severe head injury subsequently acts irresponsibly, does not seem to be able to plan effectively, and is easy to anger. Which of the following brain areas is most likely injured?

Frontal lobe

After an electrode implanted in a cat's brain stimulates the cat's amygdala, the cat will most likely do which of the following?

Immediately withdraw in fear

Which of the following most accurately characterizes the role of the hypothalamus in the regulation of hunger?

It acts with the endocrine system to control hunger and satiety.

Which of the following is true of the reticular activating system?

It regulates levels of arousal.

Which of the following is brain-imaging technique that produces the most detailed picture of brain structure?

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Which of the following brain regions is the part of the cerebral cortex that is most responsible for the processing of visual stimuli?

Occipital lobe

In which of the following techniques do researchers inject a harmless, radioactive substance into the living human brain to examine activity?

Positron-emission tomography (PET)

Significant damage to which of the following parts of the brain will most likely cause a person to fall into a deep coma from which the person will be unable to awaken

Reticular formation

For most people, which of the following is an activity based in the right hemisphere of the brain?

Simple spatial reasoning

What is the primary function of the brain region indicated by the arrow?

Sleeping, waking, and dreaming

Which of the following characteristics is generally associated with the use of hallucinogens?

The experience of vivid, distorted images that are not based on sensory input

Professor Janeja is studying which brain regions are involved in learning to correctly navigate a maze task. She randomly assigns half of a group of mice to get a lesion in one area of the brain. The other half does not get a lesion. Based on the following graph, where in the brain is the most likely site of the lesion?

The hippocampus

George was involved in an accident and experienced head trauma. Although his eyes were functioning normally, he was unable to see. Which area of the brain was most likely affected by the accident?

The occipital lobe

Which of the following assertions is best supported by empirical evidence?

The two cerebral hemispheres are specialized to process different types of cognitive tasks.

A person will most likely develop aphasia as a result of damage to which of the following parts of the brain?

Wernicke's area

An individual was admitted to the hospital after experiencing a mild tingling on the right side ofthe face and a sudden inability to speak. Using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), a doctor would likely find

an abnormality in the brain tissue of the left hemisphere

When a person is suffering from severe pain, the type of drug that will best help alleviate that pain is

an opiate

An individual with damage to Wernicke's area is most likely to have difficulty

comprehending a spoken request for information

During a psychology experiment, a researcher uses a probe to lesion the ventromedial nucleus of a rat's hypothalamus. After the procedure the rat most likely will

eat more and gain weight

Lucid dreaming occurs when people

have dreams in which they are aware that they are dreaming

Stimulation of portions of the left temporal lobe of the brain during surgery will cause the patient to

hear sounds

The brain scans of people with amnesia are most likely to show damage to the

hippocampus

When people consume large amounts of alcohol, they are often unable to recall what they did and said while they were drinking. This occurs because alcohol interferes with the brain's ability to form new memories in the

hippocampus

For most people, speech functions are primarily localized in the

left cerebral hemisphere

Which of the following areas of the body has the largest number of sensory neurons?

lips

People who have experienced severe damage to the frontal lobe of the brain seldom regain their ability to

make and carry out plans

A common psychological effect of alcohol intake is

reduced inhibition

Dr. Frishkoff is studying how participants' brain activity changes when they read sentences in which the last word is either expected ("The pizza was too hot to eat") or unexpected ("The pizza was too hot to cry"). While participants are reading, Dr. Frishkoff measures their brain activity. The results of her experiment are shown below.

showed a negative-going peak in brain wave activity approximately 400 milliseconds after the unexpected word was presented that the participants did not show in response to the expected word

The occipital lobes contain

the primary visual cortex

Damage to Wernicke's area is most likely to be associated with difficulty in

understanding language

Damage to the occipital lobe would most likely affect a person's

vision

The painful experience associated with termination of the use of an addictive substance is known as

withdrawal