Psych Quiz 8

the misinformation effect.

When Yancy was sitting in the park one day he witnessed a robbery. When the police officer arrived, she asked, "Please describe the young criminal." Yancy responded by recalling erroneously that the criminal was a teenager rather than a young adult. Yancy's experience best illustrates:

testing effect

Which effect demonstrates that retrieval practice actually improves learning?

a rapid initial decline in retention, becoming stable thereafter

Which of the following best describes the typical forgetting curve?

distributed practice

Which of the following helps to retain information for a lifetime?

recognition

Your teacher gives your first exam in your psychology course. You notice that all of the questions are multiple choice. This test is assessing your _____ of the course material.

Implicit; explicit

___________ memory refers to the retention of information that is independent of conscious recollection, whereas ___________ memory refers to memory for facts and experiences.

déjà vu.

The sense of familiarity without awareness of why it is familiar is known as:

the serial position effect.

Cyndi meets nine new neighbors at a block party. Moments later, she can only remember the names of the first three and last two neighbors she met. Her experience illustrates

a more serious accident than if the officer had used other wording (e.g., "hit" each other)

A police officer comes to talk to you about an automobile accident you may have witnessed the previous day. Since you were in the area at the time of the accident, the officer asks how fast the cars were going when they "smashed" into each other. Given the research findings of Loftus and Palmer, how might the officer's wording affect your recollection of the incident? You would be more likely to remember:

anterograde amnesia

Adam suffered a brain injury in a motorcycle accident that makes it impossible for him to form new memories. He can, however, remember his life experiences before the accident. Adam's memory difficulty most clearly illustrates:

The misinformation effect

After being verbally threatened by a person in a passing car, Lara was asked by bystanders if she recognized the man who was driving the car. Several hours later, Lara, in recalling the incident to her friends, mistakenly said that the driver was male rather than female. Lara's experience best illustrates

imagination inflation

As a practical joke, Nadine tells her younger brother a story about an event that did NOT happen when he was 4 years old, that he called 9-1-1 to report a fight they were having. Nadine repeated the story several times, until her brother could really see himself dialing the phone. This is an example of:

about seven bits of information (give or take two)

George Miller's research on short-term memory capacity indicated that we can only store ____________ in our short-term memory.

Hierarchical organization

Henry decided to organize what he is studying by paying attention to chapter outlines, headings, learning objectives, and test questions, and by taking his lecture and textbook notes in outline format. His process best illustrates the use of

explicit

Juanita has Alzheimer's disease and her _____________ memories for people and events are lost, but she displays an ability to form new implicit memories of nonverbal tasks.

hippocampus

Maria is trying to remember events from her life as an 18-month-old. However, as hard as she might try, she has no conscious memory for anything that occurred before her third birthday. This is likely due in part to the fact that her ______________, which is involved in storing explicit memories, was not fully developed at that age.

amygdala

Memories of emotional events are especially likely to be facilitated by activation of the:

retroactive interference

Research has shown that more forgetting occurs when a person stays awake after learning and is then exposed to other new material. This demonstrates which of the following?

source amnesia

Several months after watching a science fiction movie about space travel and alien abductions, Steve began to remember that aliens had abducted him and had subjected him to many of the horrors portrayed in the movie. His mistaken recall best illustrates:

effortful processing

Studying for your psychology test requires _______________. This means making attentive and conscious effort, but it pays off with lasting and accessible memories.