Psych Review 1

In classical conditioning, the association that is learned is between a

neutral stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus

The ________ complex is the part of the brain with dense connections with a variety of sensory areas of the brain; it is critical for classical conditioning and attaching emotional value to memory.

Basolateral

Final distortion error

Bias

Really good at body movement

Bodily Kinisthetics

Anasophia binges on chocolates, then induces vomiting, and then swallows laxatives. Anasophia probably suffers from ________ nervosa.

Bulimia

Eating disorder described at purge eating and either throwing up or taking laxatives. Can also use exercise

Bulimia Nurvosa

What is the main idea of the processing theory?

If you want to remember a piece of information, you should think about it more deeply and link it to other information and memories to make it more meaningful

Which of the following is an example of instinct?

Infant rooting for a nipple

An infant precoding of sucking after they are born is a

Instinct

Motivation that comes from internal factors

Intrinsic Motivation

Constantly remembering a bad part of your past because it gave you a strong emotional impact

Intrusion

Which of the following is a criticism of evolutionary psychology?

It ignores non-genetic factors in determining human behavior.

Why do scientists refer to Charles Darwin's ideas about evolution as the theory of evolution?

It is the best understanding that we have of that part of the natural world.

Identify the major flaw with John B. Watson's Little Albert experiment.

It is unethical for a researcher to induce fear in a child, since it is harmful to induce fear.

Which of the following is a criticism of the Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf research on language?

It was not empirical

What does set point theory suggest about the probable results of bariatric surgery?

It will not result in long term weight loss because the body will resist change and seek its initial set point.

Procedural Memory

Step by step process that you don't have to think about all the parts of it. Like brushing your teeth or riding a bike

Why do strong emotions trigger the formation of strong memories and weak emotional experience form weak memories?

Strong emotional experiences can trigger the release of neurotransmitters and hormones that strengthen memory

Select the correctly ordered list of psychological perspectives, with the earliest perspective listed first.

Structuralism, functionalism, behaviorism, humanism

Which of the following is an example of observational learning

Teaching yourself yoga by watching a yoga group at the park

Which of the following defines hypothesis?

Tentative Explaination

The cognitive revolution created an impetus for psychologists to focus their attention on better understanding ________.

The mind and mental processes that underlie behavior

Type of memories we intentionally try to recall are

Explicit Memory

Motivation that comes from external factors or rewards

Extrinsic Motivation

In the study of personality, the ________ model includes dimensions of conscientiousness, agreeableness, neuroticism, openness, and extroversion.

Five Factor

Which category of memory failure associated with seven sins of memory is exemplified by the following? Samantha left her phone somewhere, but she can't remember where.

Forgetting

Which concept is a type of mental set where you cannot perceive an object being used for something other than what it was designed for?

Functional Fixedness

The fact that English grammar dictates that most verbs end in-ed to indicate past tense is an example of the ________ component of language.

Grammar

In _______ established stimulus is paired with a new neutral stimulus

Higher Order

Belief that the event just experienced was predictable

Hindsight Bias

Sweating and shivering are responses created due to internal temperature fluctuations, and they are designed to bring the body back into ________.

Homeostasis

Focuses on the potential of all people for good.

Humanism

Scientific Method first step is

Hypothesis

Cognitive psychology focuses on studying

thoughts and their relationship to our experiences and our actions

What is not the best way to memorize things?

Staying up the night before you exam to maximize the amount of time you have to study

Abstract Complex Consept

A idea that isn't a physical object. Like freedom, patriotism, hope

Which of the following examples accurately reflects the Yerkes-Dodson law?

A low level of arousal will lead to optimal performance when disarming a bomb.

Psychoanalytic theory focuses on

A person's unconscious and early childhood experiences

Tendency to focus on one particular piece of information when making decisions or problem-solving

Anchoring

________ is an eating disorder characterized by an individual maintaining body weight that is well below average through starvation and/or excessive exercise.

Anorexia Nervosa

Eating disorder described by low body weight and through starvation or excersize

Anorexia Nurvosa

Being able to remember the past but not being able to build new memories

Anterograde Amnesia

Professor Morooka works 60 hours a week for 9 months of the year. During this time he longs for a break. When he finally gets a break, he misses the sense of accomplishment he feels when he is working. ________ theory suggests that this is because there is an optimal level of arousal that we all try to maintain.

Arousal

Encoding information occurs through

Automatic processing and effortful processing

Decision is based upon either an available precedent or an example that may be faulty

Availability

He is famous for demonstrating the principles of operant conditioning: The motivation for a behavior happens after the behavior is demonstrated.

BF Skinner

To maximize learning, a ________ should be presented on a(n) ________ schedule.

CS + UCS; continuous

Tabetha has a mental picture of the layout of her house, also called a ________, so when she comes home late at night she can navigate through the rooms without turning on a light.

Cognitive Map

Focuses on information that confirms existing beliefs

Confirmation

The formulation of new memories is sometimes called

Construction

Focus on the emotional, social, vocational, and health-related outcomes of individuals who are considered psychologically healthy.

Councleing Psychology

Body dysmorphia is a ________.

Distorted Body Image

Raymond Cattell was a psychologist who ________.

Divided intelligence into two componenets

Struggle to write and bad at putting thoughts to paper

Dysgraphia

Yerkes Dodson Theory

Easy tasks require higher arousal and Harder tasks require lower arousal

Natural concepts are mental groupings created naturally through our ________.

Experiences

He worked with Edward C. Tolman to prove that fear is both an instinct and a reflex. He placed hungry rats in a maze with no reward for finding their way through it, and he studied a comparison group that was rewarded with food at the end of the maze. He is famous for demonstrating the principles of operant conditioning: The motivation for a behavior happens after the behavior is demonstrated.

JB Watson

Who is famous for his theories regarding changes in cognitive ability that occur as we move from infancy to adulthood.

Jean Piaget

Which of the following is an example of vicarious punishment?

Jeong observes Bronwyn getting spanked for spitting out her carrots. Because he saw his friend punished, he does not spit out his carrots.

Which of the following is an example of a variable ratio reinforcement schedule?

Joyce scratching off lottery tickets

Permanent change in behavior or knowledge resulting through experience

Learning

According to Albert Bandura, ________.

Learning can occur by watching others and modeling what they do or say

What was the main point of Ivan Pavlov's experiment with dogs?

Learning can occur when a conditioned stimulus is paired with an unconditioned stimulus.

Vocabulary of a language

Lexicon

Watson studied

Little Albert

The set of processes used to encode store and retrieve information over time

Memory

________ is wants or needs that direct behavior toward some goal.

Motivation

In psychology, concepts can be divided into two categories: ________ and ________.

Natural; Artificial

Research shows that receiving some sort of extrinsic reinforcement for engaging in behaviors that we enjoy leads to those behaviors ________.

No longer providing the same enjoyment

Greg is 5 feet three inches tall and weighs 260 pounds. Greg is ________.

Obese

The average score on an IQ test is 100. In modern IQ testing, one standard deviation is 15 points. Someone with an IQ of 115 would be described as________.

One standard deviation above the mean

Tesla crafts imitation dream catchers in her spare time. Her father constantly encourages her to sell them on eBay. When she finally agrees to sell them, she notices that while she still enjoys making the dream catchers, she no longer does it for fun—she does it to make money. This is an example of the ________ effect.

Overjustification

Type of implicit memory that stores information about how to do things

Procedural Memory

Mia is taught to go to sleep when the light is turned off. However, for many months Mia no longer falls asleep when the light is turned off. Later, Mia begins to fall asleep when the light is turned off again. This is an example of ________.

Spontaneous Recovery

What is Abraham Maslow best known for?

Proposing a hierarchy of human needs in motivating behavior

A(an) ________ is the best example, or representation, of a concept.

Prototype

Skinner studied

Rats

What memory process are you using when you do a multiple choice test

Recall

The process of bringing up old memories is called

Reconstruction

Unintentional stereotyping of someone or something

Representative

The act of getting information out of memory storage and back into conscious awareness is known as

Retrieval

Not being able to remember the past but can build new memories

Retrograde Amnesia

Psychology refers to the

Scientific study of the mind

If you believe you will win the hot dog eating competition, then you have a sense of ________, and you are more likely to enter the hot dog eating competition.

Self Efficacy

The tendency for individuals to have better memory when referring to themselves then in comparison to other things

Self Reference

Associating things with something familiar in order to remember them.

Semantic Encoding

Which term refers to the process by which we derive meaning from morphemes and words?

Semantics

The theory that each individual has a ideal body weight that is resistant to change

Set Point Theory

Psychologists that were behaviorists

Skinner and Watson

Prejudice, attraction, how we explain our own behavior versus how we explain the behavior of others, and how we resolve interpersonal conflicts

Social Psychology

Which process involves observing a model being punished and then becoming less likely to imitate the model's behavior?

Vicarious Punishment

Encoding of images

Visual Encoding

Felipe looks over his presentation, and he notices that some of the words are written in bold and some are written in italic. His ability to remember these difference is an example of

Visual encoding

How can we use conversion therapy to change someone's sexual orientation?

We cannot change someone's sexual orientation because it is a relatively stable characteristic of a person that cannot be changed.

Who was the first person referred to as a psychologist

Wilhelm Wundt

In classical conditioning, the initial period of learning is known as

acquisition

Which of the following is an example of stimulus generalization

being conditioned to laugh when you see a top hat, then also laughing when you see other kinds of hats