Psych test 1

The mode, median, and mean are most likely to have different values when they:

**A) describe a skewed distribution. B) represent the central tendency of a random sample. C) are derived from a limited range of scores. D) are derived from a biased sample. E) represent the central tendency of an entire population.

In considering the origins of knowledge, John Locke affirmed a view known as:

**A) empiricism. B) behaviorism. C) functionalism. D) structuralism. E) humanism.

In a class lecture, Professor Hampton emphasized the extent to which abnormal blood chemistry can contribute to psychological disorders. The professor's lecture highlighted a ________ perspective on psychological disorders.

**A) neuroscience B) behavior genetics C) social-cultural D) psychodynamic E) cognitive

What makes finding statistical significance more likely?

**A) random sampling B) skewed distributions C) small sample size D) large sample size E) operational definitions

In order to assess reactions to a proposed tuition hike at her college, Ariana sent a questionnaire to every fifteenth person in the college registrar's alphabetical listing of all currently enrolled students. Ariana employed the technique of:

**A) random sampling. B) correlation. C) naturalistic observation. D) random assignment. E) replication.

A researcher has children watch 30 minutes of violent television, and then counts the number of times they hit each other afterward in a one-hour play period as a measure of aggression. The researcher concludes that television violence causes aggression. However, this conclusion may be invalid because

**A) there was no control group B) aggression wasn't operationally defined C) it is unethical to force children to watch violent television D) all children are prone to aggressive behavior E) the study is strictly correlational

If the total number of boys and girls born each year is exactly equal, which of the following would be the most likely sequence of boys (B) and girls (G) for the next six births?

A) G B G B B G B) G G G B B B C) B G B G B G D) G G G G G G **E) All the above would be equally likely.

If psychologists discovered that wealthy people are less satisfied with their marriages than poor people are, this would indicate that wealth and marital satisfaction are

A) causally related. **B) negatively correlated. C) independent variables. D) dependent variables. E) positively correlated.

In order to calculate the numerical value of the standard deviation, it would be most reasonable to first compute the value of the:

A) correlation coefficient. **B) mean. C) mode. D) range. E) median.

In explaining human behavior, psychoanalysts are likely to focus on ________, whereas humanistic psychologists concentrate on ________.

A) evolved functions of our thoughts and feelings; self-reports of immediate physical sensations B) observable behavior; the way we perceive, process, and remember information **C) childhood experiences and unconscious thought processes; current environmental influences on potential D) introspective reports of immediate sensations; empirical research relying on observation and experimentation E) the study of brain activity linked with mental activity; the examination of the stream of consciousness and emotion

Naturalistic observation is most useful for:

A) explaining complex emotions. B) predicting attitudes. C) detecting cause-effect relationships. **D) describing behaviors. E) controlling behaviors.

According to Sigmund Freud, an individual's personality is largely determined by

A) forces in the environment B) strivings for superiority C) self-actualizing tendencies **D) forces in the unconscious E) the id and the superego

Ethical principles developed by the American Psychological Association and the British Psychological Society urge psychological investigators to:

A) forewarn potential research participants of the exact hypotheses that the research will test. B) avoid the use of monetary incentives in recruiting people to participate in research. **C) ensure that research participants give informed consent to participating in the research. D) never cause any type of physical pain to their subjects. E) avoid the use of laboratory experiments when the behaviors of interest can be directly observed in natural settings.

Mutations are result from random errors in:

A) gender schemas. B) temperament. C) natural selection. **D) gene replication. E) heritability.

Several weeks after a political election, voters often exaggerate their ability to have predicted the election outcome. This best illustrates:

A) illusory correlation. B) the placebo effect. C) the double blind procedure. D) random assignment. **E) the hindsight bias.

Charles Darwin suggested that the evolution of living organisms is guided by:

A) introspection. B) emotions. C) rational thought. D) unconscious motives. **E) natural selection.

By definition, a sample

A) is that group of people to whom the conclusion of the study will apply B) contains less than 50 people or animals C) must only include volunteers who do not know what the study is about D) must only include volunteers who express an interest in the study **E) is a subset of the population who actually participate in a research study

Which of the following areas is most similar to clinical psychology?

A) social psychology B) industrial psychology **C) counseling psychology D) cognitive psychology E) school psychology

Clinical psychologists are most likely to be involved in:

A) the experimental study of motivation and emotion. B) assessing the linkages between biology and behavior. **C) providing therapy to troubled people. D) the systematic study of how people's behavior is influenced by their enduring personality traits. E) working with children.

In order to learn about the political attitudes of all students enrolled at Arizona State University, Professor Marlow randomly selected 800 of these students to complete a questionnaire. In this instance, all the students enrolled at Arizona State University are considered to be a(n)

A. independent variable B. representative sample C. control D. dependent variable **E. population