psych test

After four years of working nights, Raymond now works days. His present difficulty in getting to sleep at night is most likely due to a disruption of his normal

circadian rhythm.

When looking at a flying bird, we are consciously aware of our cognitive processing ("It's a bird!") but not of our subconscious processing of the bird's form, color, distance, and movement. This illustrates what psychologists call Group of answer choices

dual processing.

Logan is an unsuccessful businessman who feels little satisfaction with life. To increase his well-being, Logan should

imagine what his life might be like if he were suffering from a fatal disease.

The discovery that high-frequency sounds trigger large vibrations near the beginning of the basilar membrane supports the ________ theory.

place

Who are likely to show the greatest similarity in temperament?

Ruth and Ramona, identical twins

Farouk insists that by intense mental concentration he can actually influence the mechanically generated outcomes of slot machines. Farouk is most specifically claiming to possess the power of

psychokinesis

Freud emphasized that the ego operates on the ________ principle. Group of answer choices

reality

When we refer to someone's intelligence quotient as if it were a fixed and objectively real trait such as height, we commit a reasoning error called

reification.

Disparaging or belittling a despised outgroup provides people with a heightened sense of their own

self-worth.

As the retinal image of a horse galloping toward you becomes larger, it is unlikely that the horse will appear to grow larger. This best illustrates the phenomenon of

size constancy.

A hypothesis is a(n)

testable prediction that gives direction to research.

Which finding supports the belief that the experience of orgasm is the same for both sexes?

Experts could not reliably distinguish between descriptions of orgasm written by men and women.

"The technique reduces people to puppets controlled by therapists! It doesn't respect human freedom." This criticism is most likely to be directed at

a token economy.

Studies of role-playing most directly highlight the effects of

actions on attitudes

The perception that one's fate is determined by luck reflects

an external locus of control.

Which of the following brain areas became especially active when a research participant lied about holding a five of clubs?

anterior cingulate cortex

Svetlana, a 16-year-old high school senior, is beautiful. Research suggests that she is likely to ________ than less attractive high school girls.

be perceived as more socially skilled

Reinforcing desired behaviors and withholding reinforcement for undesired behaviors is most central to the process of

behavior modification.

In 1848, Phineas Gage, a railroad construction foreman, survived when an explosion drove an iron rod through his head damaging the functioning of the frontal lobes. This instance provided evidence that the frontal lobe plays a role in personality and behavior. Researchers have continued to study Gage's brain to better understand this link. Which research method is being used?

case study

While a man provided directions to a construction worker, two experimenters rudely interrupted by passing between them carrying a door. The student's failure to notice that the construction worker was replaced by a different person during this interruption illustrates

change blindness.

While a man provided directions to a construction worker, two experimenters rudely interrupted by passing between them carrying a door. The student's failure to notice that the construction worker was replaced by a different person during this interruption illustrates Group of answer choices

change blindness.

The families of bulimia patients have a higher-than-usual incidence of

childhood obesity.

Sherry easily remembers the telephone reservation number for Holiday Inns by using the mnemonic 1-800-HOLIDAY. She is using a memory aid known as Group of answer choices

chunking.

The predictability rather than the frequency of CS-US associations appears to be crucial for classical conditioning. This highlights the importance of ________ in conditioning.

cognitive processes

According to Kohlberg, morality based on a desire to uphold the laws of society is characteristic of the ________ stage.

conventional

To determine whether the strength of people's self-esteem is related to their income levels, researchers would most likely make use of

correlational research.

Examining correlational evidence to determine what further research would be needed to establish a causal relationship is an example of ________ thinking?

critical

Older people's capacity to learn and remember meaningful material does not decline as much as their capacity to learn and remember meaningless material. This best illustrates the value of Group of answer choices

crystallized intelligence.

Margaret has difficulty speaking in front of her classmates and explains to a friend, "Everybody in my family is shy, so it must be genetic." Using the biopsychosocial approach to understanding her behavior, Margaret should

examine additional psychological and social-cultural influences on shyness.

DSM-IV-TR focuses on clinicians' reports of observable behavior in order to

facilitate the reliability of diagnoses.

In which of the following groups is social loafing LEAST likely?

factory workers who are each paid on the basis of the number of bicycles each assembles individually

Advocates of the social influence theory of hypnosis are likely to argue that

hypnotized people are simply enacting the role of good hypnotic subjects.

Factor analysis is a statistical procedure that can be used to

identify clusters of closely related test items.

Employees who have just been laid off are asked questions that encourage them to express hostility toward their employer. Research suggests that this opportunity to vent anger will

increase their hostility.

Professor Kohler observed chimpanzees discover a novel way to reach a banana hung out of their reach. This scenario is most likely an example of which type of learning?

insight learning

Which of the following innovations differentiated Wilhelm Wundt's research the most from any psychologist before him?

laboratory research

Worn-out red blood cells and tiny harmful bacteria are ingested by an immune system agent known as the

macrophage.

When we are too hot, we perspire in order to lower our body temperature and thereby

maintain homeostasis.

Which of the following is a procedure for statistically combining the results of many different studies?

meta-analysis

Which of the following sleep disorders would be the most incapacitating for a commercial bus driver?

narcolepsy

Robert Sternberg distinguished among analytical, creative, and ________ intelligence.

practical

Experts who defend intelligence tests against the charge of being culturally biased and discriminatory would be most likely to highlight the ________ of intelligence tests.

predictive validity

The body structures that enable reproduction are the

primary sex characteristics.

Both the researchers and the participants in a memory study are ignorant about which participants have actually received a potentially memory-enhancing drug and which have received a placebo. This investigation involves the use of

the double-blind procedure.

Researchers have found that men and women learn to walk at about the same age, experience the same sensations of light, and exhibit similar overall intelligence. These findings support the idea that

the same underlying processes guide people everywhere.

As oxygen deprivation just prior to death turns off the brain's inhibitory cells, neural activity increases in the

visual cortex.

When Ian Deary and his colleagues retested 80-year-old Scots, using an intelligence test they had taken as 11-year-olds, the correlation of their scores across seven decades was

+.66.