Psych test

Experts estimate that around ______ of women have had at least one lesbian experience during adulthood.

15%

Experts estimate that around _________ of men have had at least one gay experience during adulthood.

20-25%

Most experts suggest that about _____ percent of both men and women are exclusively gay or lesbian during extended periods of their lives.

5 to 10

What do scientists who disagree with the weight-set-point hypothesis of obesity propose causes the body's weight "settling" point?

An interaction of genes and the environment.

_____ produce(s) secondary sex characteristics in men, such as the growth of body hair and a deepening of the voice, and increase the sex drive.

Androgens

Which approach to motivation states that people seek an optimal level of stimulation? If too high, they seek to reduce it and if too low, they seek to increase it.

Arousal

________ explanations for sexual orientation suggest there are genetic causes.

Biological

_____________ is defined as sexual attraction towards both sexes.

Bisexuality

Binging and purging are characteristic of what behavior or disorder?

Bulimia

Laura does not eat for multiple days and then binges by eating for hours everything insight, followed by purging through vomiting, this cycle is repeated time and time again. Which of the following describes the behavior exhibited by Laura?

Bulimia

Which eating disorder is characterized by binge eating followed by guilt and depression, which leads to purging?

Bulimia

Worldwide, obesity has resulted in increases in which of the following?

Cancer Premature death Diabetes Heart disease

Which theory of motivation states that thoughts, beliefs, expectations, and goals of the world direct motivation?

Cognitive

Which theory of motivation states that when some basic biological requirement is lacking, a drive is produced?

Drive reduction

Lesbian and gay people do not differ from straight people in their rates of depression and suicide.

False

There is considerable evidence supporting child-rearing practices or family dynamics as the root cause of sexual orientation.

False

Unlike in humans, animals can be sexually excited by nearly any object, sight, smell, sound, or other stimulus.

False

Which hormone communicates feelings of hunger to the brain?

Ghrelin

___________ is defined as sexual attraction and behavior directed to the other sex.

Heterosexuality

What is the body's tendency to maintain a steady internal state is called?

Homeostasis

____________ is defined as sexual attraction toward the same sex.

Homosexuality

Some evidence suggests that differences in brain structures may be related to sexual orientation. What brain structure has been found to differ between gay men and straight men?

Hypothalamus

Which brain structure monitors blood glucose levels?

Hypothalamus

What are some things that have been identified as contributing to decreased frequency of sex between committed partners?

Increased age Length of marriage

What are inborn patterns of behavior that are biologically determined rather than learned called?

Instincts

_______ explain the inborn patterns of behavior that are biologically determined and not learned.

Instincts

Which statement about sexual orientation is true?

It is dependent on a person's sexual and romantic desires.

What does Kinsey's approach suggest about sexual orientation?

It is dependent on a person's sexual feelings and behaviors and romantic feelings

From an evolutionary standpoint, which of the following is true of the body's weight regulation system?

It is designed to protect against losing weight.

Which of the following statements about sexual orientation are accurate?

It is likely that sexual orientation is the result of a combination of biological, genetic, and environmental factors. There is no definitive explanation to what determines sexual orientation.

An expert suggests that Jeremy is gay because he had an unpleasant sexual experience with a woman as an adolescent. Which approach to sexual orientation is this expert applying?

Learning theory

__________ is sexual self-stimulation.

Masturbation

____________ includes all the factors that direct and energize the behavior of humans and other organisms.

Motivation

______________ includes all the factors that direct and energize the behavior of humans and other organisms.

Motivation

Which term refers to the process by which the ovaries release an egg?

Ovulation

Research with rats has shown that damage to the lateral hypothalamus has what effect?

Rats may starve to death

If high fat foods are prevalent in our environment and we are genetically predisposed to obesity, we will fall into an equilibrium that maintains relatively higher weight. This is a description of what theory?

Settling point

What is motivation used to explain?

The behavior of humans and other organisms

What is the definition of weight set point?

The particular level of weight that the body strives to maintain.

What does self-actualization refer to?

The reaching of one's individual potential

Today, most experts regard masturbation as a healthy, legitimate, and harmless sexual activity.

True

Most experts today regard masturbation as

a healthy component of people's sex lives.

People with a normal body weight may have _____ than obese people.

a lower set point

An eating disorder in which people eat little and have an unrealistic view of their body is

anorexia nervosa.

According to drive reduction approaches, we do things to reduce

arousal

The _________ approach to motivation contends that we have a desired level of stimulation and will increase or decrease excitement as necessary to maintain that level.

arousal

Sexual attraction toward the same sex as well as the other sex is known as

bisexuality

The hypothalamus monitors _____ levels to determine when it is time to eat.

blood glucose

BMI refers to

body mass index

Applying multiple approaches to motivation in a given situation typically

broadens our understanding of the situation.

In light of the most current research, it is most reasonable to assume that sexual orientation is determined

by a combination of biological, genetic, and environmental factors.

The ______________ approaches to motivation suggest that motivation is the outcome of people's thoughts, beliefs, expectations, and goals.

cognitive

Lesbian and gay people have higher rates of depression and suicide than straight people, and research suggests that this may be due to the prejudice and _________ that lesbian and gay people face

discrimination

The view that premarital sex is permissible for men but not for women is called the __________ _________.

double standard

With increasing age and length of marriage, the frequency of intercourse goes __________.

down

Heather is married and has a sexual relationship with someone to whom she is not married. This is an example of

extramarital sex.

Anorexia mostly afflicts males.

false

Anorexia is most likely to be diagnosed in

females

Many men who are homosexual prefer the term _________ and women who are homosexual prefer the term ___________

gay lesbian

Transgender is a general term for people whose ______ is/are not consistent with the sex to which they were assigned at birth.

gender identity gender expression behavior

The concept of a settling point suggests that

genes and the environment interact to determine body weight.

An intersex individual is someone who

has an atypical combination of sex organs or chromosomal patterns.

Sexual attraction and behavior directed toward the other sex is the definition of

heterosexuality

Many argue that people who are overweight have _____ (higher/lower) weight set points than other people do.

higher

Studies found that when one twin identified as gay or lesbian, the probability that the other twin would similarly identify was

higher than it was in the general population.

Damage to the __________ can affect weight set point.

hypothalamus

The _________ approach to motivation suggests that behavior is motivated by the anticipation of rewards.

incentive

Theories suggesting that motivation stems from the desire to attain external rewards are called

incentive approaches to motivation.

One's reaction to a potentially sexually arousing stimulus is

individualized

The body stores excess sugar in the blood as fats and carbohydrates as a result of the hormone ____________.

insulin

The hormone ______ leads the body to store excess sugar in the blood as fats and carbohydrates.

insulin

When you feel full and decline to eat dessert, you are affected by ________ factors.

internal

The ______ theory of sexual orientation considers how certain sexual behaviors were rewarded or punished.

learning

Obese individuals tend to have higher levels of the hormone ______, which appears to be designed, from an evolutionary standpoint, to "protect" the body against weight loss.

leptin

People with anorexia nervosa

may starve themselves to death.

A person with a high ______ will tend to expend more energy than is typical.

metabolism

To be obese is to have a body weight that is

more than 20% above the average body weight based on a person's height.

Estrogens are female sex hormones that are released by the ______ during puberty.

ovaries

A Body Mass Index (BMI) of 25 suggests that someone is

overweight but not obese

The greatest output of the female sex hormones occurs during ___________, creating the highest chances of fertilization by a sperm cell.

ovulation

Which of the following statements are true concerning metabolic rates?

people with a low metabolic may eat half as much but gain weight readily people with a high metabolic rate can eat virtually as much food as they want without gaining weight

In adulthood, one cannot easily lose weight by

reducing the number of fat cells.

To say that the body has a weight ___________ ___________ of 100 pounds suggests that after feasting and gaining weight, the body will tend to drop back to 100 pounds.

set point

Some researchers suggest that the body does not try and maintain a fixed weight set point, but has a ____________ point that is determined by genetics and the person's environment.

settling

Masturbation is

sexual self-stimulation.

According to Kinsey, sexual orientation

should be viewed along a continuum.

Customs, such as eating three meals a day and having dessert after a nice meal, are examples of _______ factors affecting eating behavior.

social

According to arousal approaches to motivation, people try to maintain a ______ level of stimulation and activity.

steady

Androgens are male sex hormones produced by the ______ at puberty.

testes

Self-actualization for most people means that

they are at ease with themselves and satisfied they are using their talents to the fullest.

A billion people around the world are overweight or obese.

true

Almost 40% of adults in the United States are obese.

true

Losing weight in adulthood does not decrease the number of fat cells.

true

The body stores excess sugar in the blood as fats and carbohydrates as a result of the hormone

true

There is _____ evidence that child-rearing practices or family dynamics are the root cause of homosexuality.

very little

Paul gained a lot a weight when he was 10 years old. As an adult, even though he diets constantly, he can never seem to keep weight off. An explanation for this could be the __________-__________-__________ hypothesis.

weight set point

The presence of too many fat cells from an earlier weight gain can lead the set points in an individual "Stuck" at a higher level, leading to difficulty losing weight throughout the rest of that person's life. This is known as the

weight-set-point hypothesis.

The double standard tends to be more judgmental of ______.

women