Psycho 102 - Ch 3

What is the name of the 19th-century European anatomist who argued that because women have smaller brains than men, they are less intelligent? Penfield Ramón y Cajal Bischoff Sperry

Bischoff

Regeneration is LEAST likely to occur in the CNS of a frog. PNS of a frog. CNS of a mammal. PNS of a mammal.

CNS of a mammal

Which of the following is NOT true of hydrocephalus? It results from a blockage of the cerebrospinal fluid. It can be treated using a drainage shunt. Even without treatment, individuals usually have normal intelligence. It affects the development of the CNS.

Even without treatment, individuals usually have normal intelligence

Who among the following was a proponent of lobotomies as a treatment for mental illness? Penfield Gage Freeman Bischoff

Freeman

Which statement regarding the corpus callosum is FALSE? It consists of neuron tracts connecting the two hemispheres. It is the only place in the brain where information crosses from one side to the other. It may be severed in order to help control epileptic seizures. It allows the left side of the brain to share information with the right.

It is the only place in the brain where information crosses from one side to the other.

If a peripheral nerve were transplanted into a severed spinal cord, it would a. fail to grow across the gap. b. grow across the gap but fail to make connections. c. grow across the gap and make connections but fail to function. d. bridge the gap and replace the function of the lost neurons.

a. fail to grow across the gap.

All the following are involved in producing movement, except the a. hippocampus. b. cerebellum. c. frontal lobes. d. basal ganglia.

a. hippocampus.

Because the speech center is usually located in the left hemisphere of the brain, a person with the corpus callosum severed is unable to describe stimuli that are a. seen in the left visual field. b. seen in the right visual field. c. presented directly in front of him or her. d. felt with the right hand.

a. seen in the left visual field.

Which of the following is NOT a problem following stroke? edema abnormal protein deposits excitotosis paralysis

abnormal protein deposits

Neural plasticity is retained to the greatest extent in adulthood in which of the following brain areas? primary visual cortex somatosensory cortex primary motor cortex association cortex

association cortex

Animal species that are the MOST intelligent tend to have bigger brains overall. more convolutions on the cortex. a proportionately larger forebrain. b and c

b and c

The prefrontal cortex is involved in all but which one of the following functions? a. Responding to rewards b. Orienting the body in space c. Making decisions d. Behaving in socially appropriate ways

b. Orienting the body in space

In the circuit formation stage of nervous system development, a. correct connection of each neuron is necessary, since barely enough neurons are produced. b. axons grow to their targets and form connections. c. neurons continue dividing around a central neuron, and those neurons form a circuit. d. neurons that fail to make functional connections die.

b. axons grow to their targets and form connections.

If the ventral root of a spinal nerve is severed, the person will experience a. loss of sensory input from a part of the body. b. loss of motor control of a part of the body. c. loss of both sensory input and motor control. d. none of the above.

b. loss of motor control of a part of the body.

Cardiovascular activity and respiration are controlled by the a. pons. b. medulla. c. thalamus. d. reticular formation.

b. medulla.

The hypothalamus is located ___ the thalamus. above below behind in front of

below

A particular behavior is typically controlled by a. a single structure. b. one or two structures working together. c. a network of structures. d. the entire brain.

c. a network of structures.

When the police have a drunk-driving suspect walk a straight line and touch his nose with his finger, they are assessing the effect of alcohol on the a. motor cortex. b. corpus callosum. c. cerebellum. d. medulla.

c. cerebellum.

Damage would be most devastating to humans if it destroyed the a. pineal gland. b. inferior colliculi. c. corpus callosum. d. medulla.

c. corpus callosum.

Fetal alcohol syndrome involves a. loss of myelin. b. overproduction of neurons. c. errors in neuron migration. d. excessive growth of glial cells.

c. errors in neuron migration.

A person with damage to the inferior temporal cortex would most likely be unable to a. see. b. remember previously seen objects. c. recognize familiar objects visually. d. solve visual problems, such as mazes.

c. recognize familiar objects visually.

The study in which kittens reared in an environment with only horizontal or vertical lines were later able to respond only to stimuli at the same orientation is an example of a. compensation. b. reorientation. c. reorganization. d. regeneration.

c. reorganization.

The spinal cord is part of the ___ nervous system. central autonomic peripheral sympathetic

central

The stage of neural development in which axons grow toward their target connections is called proliferation. migration. circuit formation. circuit pruning.

circuit formation

Groups of cell bodies in the CNS are called a. tracts. b. ganglia. c. nerves. d. nuclei.

d. nuclei.

During a difficult exam, your heart races, your mouth is dry, and your hands are icy. In your room later, you fall limply into a deep sleep. Activation has shifted from primarily _______ to primarily _______. a. somatic, autonomic b. autonomic, somatic c. parasympathetic, sympathetic d. sympathetic, parasympathetic

d. sympathetic, parasympathetic

During the first three weeks after birth, the neurons in a monkey's corpus callosum triple in number. increase by about 8 million. decrease by about 8 million. undergo very little change.

decrease by about 8 million

Which of the following is NOT a result of fetal exposure to alcohol? improper migration of cells failure of cells to form myelin small brain size mental retardation

failure of cells to form myelin

Which of the following is NOT a function of the temporal lobes? processing auditory information language comprehension fine motor control visual identification of objects

fine motor control

Which of the following is the largest division of the mature CNS in humans? forebrain midbrain hindbrain spinal cord

forebrain

Which of the following brain areas is among the last to undergo myelination? frontal cortex occipital cortex spinal nerves medulla

frontal cortex

Modern computer studies of the skull of Phineas Gage have revealed the extent of damage to the frontal lobes. corpus callosum. parietal lobes. brain stem.

frontal lobes.

A ___ is the name for a bundle of neurons in the PNS. nerve tract nucleus ganglion

ganglion

In the cortex, a ridge is called a fissure. gyrus. tract. sulcus.

gyrus.

A person with damage to the cerebellum may be blind. be unable to recognize familiar objects. be insensitive to pain. have problems with movement.

have problems with movement.

In the adult mammal, neurogenesis is MOST likely to occur in the spinal cord. medulla. hippocampus. hypothalamus.

hippocampus

The directional term anterior means in front of. behind. above. below.

in front of.

Cell proliferation occurs in the innermost layer of the neural tube. in the outermost layers of the neural tube. throughout the neural tube. in the location of a neuron's final destination.

in the innermost layer of the neural tube.

Which of the following is more a result of parasympathetic than sympathetic activation? increased digestive activity increased heart rate increased blood pressure increased respiration

increased digestive activity

Which of the following structures is NOT part of the brain stem? lateral ventricle midbrain pons medulla

lateral ventricle

The space separating the cerebral hemispheres is called the lateral fissure. corpus callosum. central sulcus. longitudinal fissure.

longitudinal fissure.

Heart rate and breathing are controlled by the pons. cerebellum. superior colliculi. medulla.

medulla.

Which of the following cranial nerves is sometimes considered part of the CNS rather than the PNS? oculomotor auditory vagus optic

optic

The somatosensory cortex is located in the ___ lobe. frontal occipital temporal parietal

parietal

Identifying objects by touch is a function of the somatosensory cortex. parietal association cortex. visual cortex. inferior temporal cortex.

parietal association cortex.

The sleep-inducing hormone melatonin is released by the pituitary gland. pineal gland. hypothalamus. pons.

pineal gland.

The ___ is the body's "master" endocrine gland. pituitary pineal hypothalamus pons

pituitary

All of the following structures are located in the midbrain EXCEPT the superior colliculi. ventral tegmental area. pons. substantia nigra.

pons.

The brain area controlling fine motor movement is located on the prefrontal cortex. precentral gyrus. postcentral gyrus. central sulcus.

precentral gyrus.

The cerebrospinal fluid protects the brain in all of the following ways EXCEPT that it doesn't provide nourishment to brain cells. cushion the brain. remove waste products from the CNS. prevent toxins from entering the CNS.

prevent toxins from entering the CNS.

Cells that form a scaffold for neural migration are called astrocytes. radial glial cells. myelin cells. ladder cells.

radial glial cells

Which of the following is NOT an example of brain reorganization? larger area of the somatosensory cortex devoted to the index finger in people who read Braille the occipital cortex of people blind from birth responding to somatosensory information phantom limb pain following amputation of a leg regrowth of a severed spinal motor neuron

regrowth of a severed spinal motor neuron

Which of the following is FALSE regarding traumatic brain injury? It can produce Alzheimer-like effects even in young brains. includes concussion as one of its mild forms. requires a severe blow, due to the brain's cushioning. can be minimized by 3 weeks of rest.

requires a severe blow, due to the brain's cushioning

The thalamus receives information from all of the sensory systems EXCEPT the system for vision. hearing. smell. taste

smell

The skeletal muscles are MOST directly controlled by the ___nervous system. autonomic somatic sympathetic central

somatic

Damage to the prefrontal cortex is LEAST likely to result in problems with decision making. planning. speech comprehension. impulse.

speech comprehension.

The area of the motor cortex devoted to which of the following body areas is probably the smallest? lips tongue thumb thigh

thigh

The surface of the cortex appears gray because it is composed mostly of unmyelinated axons. unmyelinated cell bodies. myelinated axons. myelinated cell bodies.

unmyelinated cell bodies.

The occipital lobe processes ___ information. visual auditory somatosensory a and b

visual

Electrical stimulation of the association areas of the temporal lobe may result in the patient experiencing intense pain. buzzing sounds. bright lights. vivid memories.

vivid memories.