Psychology 101 Exam 2 Evolutionary Psychology
What hormone determines masculine features in male facial structure? How are female preferences in male faces related to the females' menstrual cycles?
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What is altruism? Two broad types of altruism? What are 4 evolutionary theories that attempt to explain altruism (briefly describe each)? Which two theories best explain altruism to total strangers? Which best explains altruism to genetically unrelated friends?
Any action that benefits another at some cost to the self. Heroic and Everyday. Kin Selection Theory- helming relatives helps spread our own genes. Reciprocal Alturism Theory- the feelings that favors will be returned in the future. Costly Display Theory- having the resources to spare to help someone. Group Selection Theory- competing over resources, groups with more altruists are more likely to win. Costly and Group. Reciprocal.
What is the primary difference in the focus of behavior genetics versus evolutionary psychology?
Behavior is concerned with individual differences where as Evolutionary is concerned with shared psychologic characteristic in a species
Research has shown that although men and women often look for the same things in a partner, there are some differences. How do men and women differ in their preferences for the following characteristics: age, physical appearance, ambition, and financial prospects?
Female want older as males want younger. Females looks for sharp jaw, males look for hourglass shape.
For males, what is the average preferred waist-to-hip ratio in females? What life outcomes are associated with this ratio?
Men prefer hourglass shape. ?
What is the Era of Evolutionary Adaptation (EEA)? What does the "mismatch theory" say about the relationship between the human mind and the current environment? Give two examples of mismatch theory.
Our minds being shaped by the environment encountered in what Ep refers to. Because cultural changes has outrun our slow biological change, our minds today might not be optimally adapted to our current environment. phobia of snakes and spiders vs. cars and electrical appliances, Fats and sugars-> developing cravings.
What does the Standard Social Science Model (SSSM) say about human sex differences? According to evolutionary psychology, what accounts for the major psychological differences between the sexes? In what sense is reproduction more costly for females? How has this shaped differences in male and female sexual standards and mating strategies? What does evolutionary psychology predict about what males and females tend to become jealous over?
The results of cultural forces that shape "the blank slate" of human nature. Based on the fact that reproduction has different cost for males and females. Females- pregnancy, time and effort, child bearing, protection, etc. Males look for youthful, fertile-appearing females where as females look for maturity, dominance, affluence, and boldness in males. Males- sexual relationship no emotional bond, females- emotional bond, no sexual relationship.
What was Darwin's theory of evolution attempting to explain? What is natural selection? According to evolutionary psychology, how does natural selection shape the mind?
Why certain biological traits arise and remain in populations of organisms and how new species arise from existing ones. Evolutionary process through which adaptive traits are passed on to ongoing generations b/c these traits help animals survive and reproduce. by selecting genes that made us better adaptive to our environments.
What is "nativism"? What is Adaptationism? What is the modularity (Swiss Army knife) view of the mind?
much of the structure of the human mind is innate, contrary to the proposal that the mind consists of little more than a general purpose learning mechanism, nature rather than nurture is emphasized. the human mind is largely the product of natural selection, developed over evolutionary history to solve adaptive problems confronting our species, survival rather than reproduction. The human mind is highly composed specialized cognitive systems or modules that evolved to deal with specific problems.