Psychology 1010 - Sensations and Perception

The opponent-process theory is supported by ______________.

Afterimages

The organ of Corti on the ___________ within the _____________ changes vibrations into impulses that travel to the auditory nerve.

Basilar Membrane; Cochlea

Using the different images that each eye receives in order to perceive depth is called using _____________ cues.

Binocular

Because taste and smell have sensory receptors that respond to molecules, they are considered ____________.

Chemical Senses

Sierra turns off her car right before the last line of chorus of a popular song. Moments later while inside the store, she finds herself singing the last line. This exemplifies the gestalt principle of _______________.

Closure

According to the trichromatic theory of color vision, _____________ in the retina are responsive to red, green, and blue.

Cones

Light energy with very low amplitude would be perceived as _________.

Dim

Psychologists illusions to ____________.

Explore what people experience, what parts of the brain are involved in perception, and how to alter the illusion.

Pitch is determined by the ____________ of sound waves.

Frequency

Pitch is determined by the ______________ of sound waves.

Frequency

Jessica Witt's study tested _____________.

How the perception of the size of a golf hole affects golfing performance.

Participants in Daniel Simons' and Christopher Chabris' study were asked to watch people pass a basketball. Because they were focused on doing so, the didn't see a gorilla walk across the screen. This phenomenon is called _____________.

Inattentional Blindeness

What is the function of the part of the eye identified by the arrow?

It allows light to enter eye.

Martha is working on her swing at softball practice and is focusing on keeping her elbow out high and her arm turned with her shoulders back. This awareness of her own movement through space is called __________.

Kinesthesia

___________ cues require only one eye.

Monocular

When Brad got into a minor car accident, he hopped right out of the car to assess the damage. He didn't notice until later that night that he had a pretty serious cut on his leg. The fact that he didn't notice is consistent with the _______________.

Motivation-Decision Model

The idea that we perceive the world while utilizing a combination of senses is known as _____________.

Multi-Modal Perception

Pain that results from damage to neurons of the peripheral or central nervous system is called _____________.

Neuropathic Pain

__________ fire in response to any potential tissue-damaging stimuli.

Nociceptors

Smelling the lingering scent of the fish you reheated in the microwave is an example of ____________.

Olfaction

Olfactory receptor cells pick up odor molecules which activate electrical impulses that send messages to the brain via the _____________.

Olfactory Bulb

Which correctly describes the process of hearing?

Pinna - Auditory Canal - Tympanic Membrane - Ossicles - Cochlea - Auditory Nerve

The most visible part of the ear is the

Pinna.

The fact that the base of the basilar membrane responds best to high frequencies supports the ______________ theory of hearing.

Place

Joanna is competing on Jeopardy!. She doesn't have to think about the distance between her finger and the buzzer and knows just how hard to press because of ______________.

Proprioception

Mason has a cochlear implant. He is able to hear because the implant

Receives incoming sound information and directly stimulates the auditory nerve to transmit information to the brain.

____________ is what happens when information is detected by a sensory receptor, like when Maggie's optic nerves pick up a light flashing in the distance.

Sensation

Hearing aids are ineffective in treating _____________ which is caused by damage to the hair cells in the cochlea that impairs the transmission of signals about sound to the brain.

Sensorineural Hearing Loss

When Martha first visits her Aunt and Uncle's house, the smell of fish is overwhelming, but after an hour, she doesn't even notice it's there. What explains this?

Sensory Adaptation

When surrounded by larger circles, a center circle will appear _____________ than if surrounded by smaller circles.

Smaller

Congenital deafness is ___________.

Something someone is born with.

If a sound wave has a high amplitude, it will ___________.

Sound loud.

_____________ does not explain how we hear high frequencies.

Temporal Theory

If your eyes see someone saying "ball" but the word you hear is "doll", the struggle to make sense of that information in your brain is consistent with _____________.

The McGurk Effect

Which sense relies on the organs of the inner ear to help maintain balance and body posture?

The Vestibular Sense

What is wavelength?

The distance from one wave peak to the next.

Which was the dependent variable in Jessica Witt's study?

The size of the circle drawn by the participant and the number of successful putts.

Which was the independent variable in Jessica Witt's study?

The size of the holes projected around the golf hole.

Perception is __________.

The way sensory information is organized, interpreted, and experienced.

According to Gestalt psychology, __________.

The whole is different from the sum of its parts.

When the brain receives nociceptive signals from the body, ________________.

They can be amplified by focusing on a distraction.

What happened when the participants were asked to draw the size of the whole in Jessica Witt's research?

They drew the hole smaller than the actual hole size if surrounded by larger circles.

A sound's purity is called its _______________.

Timbre

____________ describes the conversion of sensory stimulus energy into neural impulses that allow for perception.

Transduction

The vibration of the _____________ causes the ossicles to move.

Tympanic Membrane

You are trying to describe the taste of a cheeseburger to your vegetarian friend. A good descriptor for the meaty, savory taste you experience would be ______________.

Umami

Braden has a pounding headache and is disoriented after riding a twisting roller coaster. What sense was impacted by the ride?

Vestibular

While you may not notice the change in the music's volume while at a party, you would definitely notice the change if you were trying to study in a quiet library. This supports the idea that the difference threshold is a constant fraction of the original stimulus, also known as _________.

Weber's Law

At a football game, your friend from ten rows down yells at you to bring them some of your popcorn. At first you couldn't understand what they were asking, but once you saw their mouth, you could make out the request. This is consistent with the ____________.

With the results of the Sumby and Pollack study on the audiovisual advantage.

Austin has never met one of his work colleagues, having only interacted online or on the phone. He's still able to pick out his coworker at a conference in a room full of people because of ____________.

the cross-modal relationship between auditory speech and visual information.

You walk by the same billboard on the way to school each day, but have never actually looked at it. When asked to guess which billboard it was from a selection of billboards, you somehow identify the right one because

you subliminally processed the image.