Psychology 140 Exam 2

Cultural ________ rules are norms regarding the management and modification of emotional expressions based on cultural standards.

Display

This person was among those who pioneered psychological measurement. Among other contributions, he was possibly the first to popularize the notion that the heritability of psychological traits could be assessed by looking at identical and fraternal twins.

Francis Galton

Which of the following is not a likely explanation of the Flynn effect in many cultures?

IQ tests have become progressively easier over time.

What is one way to help you increase the likelihood that you demonstrate self-control when it comes to goal oriented behaviors?

Identify potential self-control conflicts (i.e., temptations).

Which trick to persuasion can be loosely summarized by the saying, If you scratch my back, I'll scratch yours?

reciprocity

__________ conducted 18 thousand interviews to find out about people's sexual histories, behaviors, and desires.

Alfred Kinsey

Which of the following pairs of psychologists were responsible for the first recognized test of intelligence quotient, or IQ?

. Binet and Simon

Which of the following refers to the cognitive representation of a desired state?

. goal

If a 5-year-old child takes an IQ test and scores the same as the average score for lots of 5-year-olds, her IQ would be:

100

Bazerman and Moore outlined ______ steps that you should take in order to make a rational decision.

6

John has just been assessed as having an mild intellectual disability. Part of this diagnosis was based on his IQ score, which must have been below which of the following thresholds?

70

Who of the following completed Nobel Prize-winning research on how people think and make decisions?

Daniel Kahneman

When people are aware of stereotypes about their social group as it relates to scores on intelligence tests:

Fear may undermine their performance.

Which statement is true about the age at which people, on average, "lose their virginity"?

People generally report losing their virginity in the mid to late teen years.

There is a stereotype that anal sex is associated with "homosexual behavior." According to research, which of the following is most accurate?

Research supports the idea that anal sex occurs among both hetero- and homosexual couples, although rates vary across cultures

According to the Flynn Effect, which of the following would be the most accurate prediction about intelligence?

When Chris takes a test of intelligence and his grandson Abraham takes an equivalent test 50 years later, Abraham will have a higher score.

Kinsey argued sexual orientation was:

a continuum ranging from heterosexual to homosexual

For a thirsty person, drinking water serves to reduce:

a drive

When people are focusing their attention, according to Anne Treisman's model of attention, a fire alarm will be noticed...

because the hearer will identify it as an important stimulus.

The systematic ways in which our ethics are limited in ways we are not even aware of ourselves is called _______________.

bounded ethicality

While reading a magazine Juan notices an advertisement for tennis shoes. Juan is very interested in reading about the materials the shoes are made out of and logically concludes the tennis shoes would be a good purchase. Juan was likely in which persuasion route?

central

Research finds that the USA has organ donation consent rates of about 4.25 to 44%. In some other countries, that rate is as high as 99% or above. According to the text, what would increase organ donation consent rates in the USA?

changing to an opt out system in the USA

John is a Canadian having dinner with his friends from China. He openly shows both his enthusiasm and his anger about various topics as they speak. John notices that his friends smile and nod but that they do not display strong emotions. This is an example of ________.

cultural influence on emotion norms

Howie hates his job at Fikshunal Co. He works long hours, is underappreciated, and has a rude boss. The only reason he continues to work at Fikshunal is because he needs the money and benefits he receives. This is an example of ________.

extrinsic motivation

Sally is staring at the summer sky, watching for shooting stars, which only occur about once every 20 minutes or so. Sally is likely to...

find her focus lagging.

The peripheral route to persuasion takes advantage trigger features that activate sequential behavior in animals and humans. What is this sequence of behavior called?

fixed action patterns (FAPs)

According to the TED Talk, Michael Shermer: The pattern behind self-deception, the propensity to see patterns in ambiguous settings

goes up when people feel out of control.

When Christa gets angry, she gets motivated to become productive so that whatever is making her angry can be overcome. She also notices that whenever she is angry she gets very warm and starts to perspire excessively. These psychological and physical changes demonstrate the ________ functions of an emotion.

intrapersonal

Even though it isn't required for class, Hermione always completes extra readings, spends time in the library, and studies topics that will not be on the test. What type of motivation is Hermione displaying?

intrinsic

As discussed in class notes, human mothering is best explained as the result of

learning.

According to the TED Talk, Michael Shermer: The pattern behind self-deception, people who believe in ESP are __________ likely to see patterns in degraded images, as compared to non-believers.

more

The fact that you now smell milk before drinking it after accidentally drinking a cup of spoiled milk several months ago demonstrates how emotions can

motivate future behaviors.

Half-way through your 15-mile hike, you realize that you forgot your water bottle. By the time you get back to your car, all you can think about it getting something to drink. You stop at the store, but they are charging $10 for a bottle of water. Even though that price is outrageous, you willingly pay it because you are so thirsty. This is an example of ________.

narrowing of attention

When our body is lacking in something biologically fundamental, such as food or water, we experience a/an

need.

Which statement is true, according to the "Common Sense" on-line assignment?

no such thing as common sense

After taking a 10 question pop quiz, John was confident that he got at least 9 questions correct. However, after grading he found that he actually only answered 6 questions correctly. John suffers from:

overconfidence

The tendency to inflate your own sense of competence or to be more certain than you should be is called __________.

overconfidence

The ________ route to persuasion relies on superficial cues that have little to do with logic. It requires a target who is not thinking carefully about what you are saying.

peripheral

There are many ways that men and women can differ when it comes to sexual arousal and motivation. For example, in males, sexual arousal is strongly linked to the _______.

preoptic area

Cues in the immediate environment can influence goal adoption in the moment until a person moves away from these ______.

primes

The drive of hunger declines when you eat and eventually leads to the termination of eating behavior. What is another term used to describe the fulfillment of the hunger drive?

satiation

Your professor just assigned you to research and write a 12 page paper. Even though you don't really want to do it, you force yourself to sit at the computer, search for peer-reviewed articles, and write your paper. You are demonstrating ____________.

self-regulation

System 1 is our intuitive system. Which of the following does NOT describe the typical characteristics of this system?

slow

Intersex is a word:

used to refer to being born with some combination of male and female reproductive organs

Wechsler designed IQ tests that provide specific scores for different kinds of abilities. Performance items:

test nonverbal abilities such as the ability to copy block designs

Emotions serve a cultural function. One such function is

to guide how people ought to feel in various situations

Specific, sometimes minute, aspects of a situation that activate fixed action patterns are called __________ features.

trigger

In perhaps the most famous study ever conducted in social psychology, approximately ______ of men studied were willing to administer a lethal shock of electricity to a helpless victim when they were ordered to do so by a person who appeared to be in a position of authority.

two-thirds

In the video, "Stuart Brown says play is more than fun," Brown talks about the lack of play during the childhoods and adulthoods of

violent criminals

In the TED video, "Michael Norton: How to buy happiness," Norton says that, "if you think money can't buy happiness "

you're spending it wrong by spending it on personal pleasures.