Psychology 2301 Final Exam Chapters 14-16

According to the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), in 2008, ________ of adults received treatment for a mental health issue.

13%

Which of the following is an example of the alarm reaction stage of the general adaptation syndrome?

A burst of energy enables Hassan to run fast when he sees a skunk in his path.

Which of the following is true about neurodevelopmental disorders?

All neurodevelopmental disorders are diagnosed in early childhood.

Paxil, Prozac, and Zoloft are examples of ________.

Antidpressants

A panic disorder is a type of ________ disorder characterized by panic attacks, along with at least one month of worry about panic attacks or self-defeating behavior related to the attacks.

Anxiety

Nicole is socially inhibited and oversensitive to negative evaluation. She was thinking about a career in nursing, but she changed her mind because she believes the doctors would criticize her and patients would reject her. She has never been on a date because she feels socially inept and unappealing; she avoids meeting new people because anything less than immediate, unconditional acceptance causes her anxiety. Just yesterday she was invited to go on a kayak trip, but she didn't go because she was worried she would embarrass herself. Which of the following diagnoses accounts for Nicole's personality?

Avoidant personality disorder

Which kind of therapy involves a therapeutic orientation that employs principles of learning to help clients change undesirable behaviors?

Behavior

The concept of perceived control refers to ________.

Beliefs about the capacity to influence and shape outcomes in our lives

Hans Selye's definition of stress is considered a response-based definition because it conceptualizes stress chiefly in terms of the ________.

Body's physiological reaction to any demand that is placed on it

Which of the following is a good example of a response-based definition of stress?

Bruce experiences stress because his heart rate increased when he noticed Jack had a knife.

Etiology is another word for ________.

Causes

Addiction is often viewed as a(an) ________ disease.

Chronic

Humanistic therapy is also called ________ therapy.

Client-centered

Which of the following is a drug that can be used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?

Clozaril

Noticing that you have difficulty concentrating during and after periods of prolonged stress exemplifies how stress can have a negative ________ impact.

Cognitive

Which term refers to mental or behavioral efforts used to manage problems relating to stress, including the cause and the unpleasant feelings and emotions it produces?

Coping

Jerry allows others to take over and run his life. He is submissive and clings to those around him. He cannot make decisions without advice and reassurance from others, probably because he lacks self-confidence. He finds it impossible to do things on his own, and he feels uncomfortable and helpless when he is alone. Which of the following diagnoses accounts for Jerry's personality?

Dependent personality disorder

ECT stands for ________.

Electroconvulsive Therapy

Who developed psychoanalysis?

Freud

Which principle underlies cognitive therapy?

How you think determines how you feel.

During the therapist's first meeting with the client, called ________, the therapist gathers specific information to address the client's immediate needs.

Intake

People with ________ disorders experience thoughts and urges that are intrusive and unwanted and/or the need to engage in repetitive behaviors or mental acts.

Obsessive-compulsive

Which psychological disorder is characterized by major disturbances in thought, perception, and behavior?

Schitzophrenia

Researchers who studied people injured in the 9/11 attacks found that the injured later suffered from ________. These results demonstrate how stress is linked to the development and progression of a variety of physical illnesses and diseases.

Significantly elevated risks of heart disease

In order to overcome an eating disorder, Sevilla's therapist works to change her cognitive distortions and self-defeating behaviors by helping her learn to identify such behaviors. What kind of psychotherapeutic orientation does this exemplify?

cognitive-behavioral therapy

Aversive conditioning is a ________.

counterconditioning technique that pairs an unpleasant stimulant with an undesirable behavior.

Hypertension is a major risk factor for heart disease because it ________.

forces the heart to pump harder, which puts more physical strain on the heart

Which brain region is believed to play a critical role in OCD?

orbitofrontal cortex

A school counselor leads a support group for children whose parents have AIDS. The counselor focuses on defining AIDS, discussing treatment and side effects of treatment, and how the children can develop coping mechanisms. This exemplifies ________.

psycho-educational treatment.

Cultural competence is a therapist's understanding of, and attention to, ________.

race, culture, and ethnicity in providing treatment.