Psychology 2314 Final Exam Review (10-13)
When you are reminiscing with your grandfather, you notice that he tends to remember more events from ages_________ , probably because so many important lifeevents take place during those years.
10-30
What is the Day of the Dead?
A joyful celebration in Mexico, remembering all who have died.
In developed countries today, what percent of people die at home?
About 20%
Beyond infant and child mortality, which of the following makes up the vast difference in life expectancy between developed and developing countries?
Access to health care in late adulthood
Which of the following is TRUE regarding influences on health in late adulthood?
Aerobic exercise enhances cognitive functioning.
In both Asian ___ cultures, a common theme on conceptions of intelligence is that it includes social elements, as well as cognitive elements such as knowledge.
African
In terms of American ethnic groups, women of ________ descent report the highest rate of hot flashes as a result of menopause.
African
Within the United States, _________ have the highest rates of death from heart disease.
African Americans
________ are especially at risk for developing Alzheimer's disease.
African Americans
Vital capacity is the maximum____.
Amount of air that can be contained in the lungs
Which of the following is TRUE regarding visual changes in midlife?
An operation can be performed to correct problems with distance vision.
Within the United States, this ethnic group has the LOWEST rates of death from heart disease.
Asian Americans
Which of the following is associated with sleep problems in middle age?
Being depressed
Among adults worldwide, what is the leading cause of death?
Cardiovascular disease
Which is the most common visual impairment in late adulthood?
Cataracts
Some research has shown that a person from ________ would be most likelv to respond to terminal illness and grief by focusing on the ways the prospect of death will change relationships with others.
China
A person's vocabulary, cultural information stored in long-term memory, and logical reasoning abilities are known as what type of intelligence?
Crystallized intelligence
Between the ages of 25 and 50, an individual's basil metabolic rate___.
Declines
According to Elisabeth Kübler-Ross, which of the following is the correct order of emotions that people go through as a response to death?
Denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance
What is the Eriksonian crisis in which individuals have the desire to "live on" after they have died and to help those younger than they so that the effects of their time on earth will be evident when they are gone?
Generativity vs. stagnation
Which of the following is an example of primary aging?
Graying and thinning of the hair
Which of the following best describes how marital satisfaction changes over the life span?
High satisfaction in the first few years of marriage, reaching a low point while caring for young children and remaining low until the children enter emerging adulthood, then a steep and steady rise in satisfaction at midlife and beyond
Which statement about research on creativity is TRUE?
Highly creative people are often creative throughout life.
The top three criteria that mark the transition to adulthood across cultures and nations are characterized by_____.
Individual
_________ is/are the dominant cause of death in developing countries today.
Infectious diseases
In which religion is cremation forbidden?
Islam
Which of the following is a critique of Kübler-Ross's theory?
It overlooks the cultural context.
Developing countries are faced with difficult challenges in the decades ahead due to the rising old-age dependency ratio. The country with the most serious problem of all is_______.
Japan
One of your friends tells you that her mother died and they will be sitting shiva. In addition, she must recite a prayer called the Kaddish every day for 11 months. Your friend most likely follows which religion?
Judaism
Which of the following statements best reflects the results of the pew survey on afterlife beliefs within the United States?
Most Americans are tolerant of different views about religion and the afterlife, believing that many religions can lead to eternal life.
Which of the following is true regarding work and retirement?
Most older Americans say they would prefer to enter retirement gradually.
Which of the following is TRUE?
Most people prefer to die at home.
Which of the following best describes how sleep patterns change during late adulthood?
People sleep less deeply than they did when they were younger.
Which of the following statements about marriage is TRUE?
People who remain single after age 30 are more likely than their married counterparts to have mental health and physical health problems.
Which of the following is a finding that emerged from the Americans' Changing Lives study?
People with high levels of educational attainment were less likely than others to die in middle adulthood or to experience chronic health problems in middle and late adulthood.
_______ are more common in late adulthood than at earlier ages.
Positive emotions
Which best describes emotions during late adulthood?
Positive emotions are more common in late adulthood than at earlier ages.
_________ shows relatively little decline in late adulthood.
Procedural memory
_______is a protective factor against developing Alzheimer's disease.
Regular physical activity
Which of the following is a risk factor for osteoporosis?
Smoking
Older adults maximize their emotional well-being by becoming increasingly selective in their_______.
Social contacts
On which of the following tasks would midlife adults tend to do more poorly than their younger counterparts?
Switching between assessing pairs of numbers as "odd or even" or as "more or less"
Which of the following is TRUE regarding physical changes during young adulthood?
The heart muscle starts to become more rigid
Which if the following is TRUE about expertise?
The maturity of the frontal cortex reflects cognitive changes that underline expertise
Which of the following best describes late adulthood relationships in Western culture?
The risk of death after the loss of a spouse is greater for men than for women.
Which of the following is true regarding the loss of a spouse?
The risk of death after the loss of a spouse is greater for men than for women.
skin becomes loose or in muscle mass decreases during adulthood and beyond because____.
There is a decrease in growth hormones
Which of the following about Alzheimer's disease is TRUE?
There is no cure for Alzheimer's
Which of the following is TRUE?
There is no menopause in other primate species; it is unique to human females.
Which of the following is the primary reason why many cultures encourage young wedded adults to have sex frequently?
To produce children
Which of the following, when combined with expertise, is most likely to contribute to creativity?
Tolerance for ambiguity
Which of the following did Baltes define as "expertise in the conduct and meaning of life"?
Wisdom
How is wisdom related to age, according to research?
Wisdom is generally unrelated to age.
Which of the following has been found in research about wisdom?
Wisdom is generally unrelated to age.
The capacity for divided attention declines from emerging adulthood to middle adulthood and some researchers have argued that this is caused by __________.
a cohort difference
Research on grief has shown that __________.
after the initial shock fades, most bereaved people resume their daily activities, but it may take weeks or months
Older Americans _______.
are more religious than their younger counterparts
Older adults in developed countries _________.
are the wealthiest segment of the population
Research has shown that anxiety about death is highest among those who ________.
are unsure believers or inconsistent participants in religious activities
Research examining the importance of various traits in mate selection throughout the world found that the largest cross-cultural division was on the issue of _____.
chasity
When individuals die, there is a period of grief. The most grief is experienced with the loss of parents, spouses, and ________.
children
Sternberg's triangular theory of love includes three components: intimacy act, passion, and _______.
commitment
A person who is high in ____ is able to put ideas or materials together in new, culturally meaningful ways.
creativity
Expertise would be considered a form of ________ intelligence.
crystallized
Research on death anxiety has shown that _______.
death anxiety is higher among women than men
After experiencing the death of a loved one, it is not uncommon for intense emotional states to alternate with states that resemble the symptoms of __________.
depression
The ability to maintain attention on two or more information sources simultaneously and switch back and forth between them is known as ______.
divided attention
Developmentalists refer to knowledge and experience in a specific domain as _______.
expertise
Research on hospice has found that_______.
family members who provide for the dying person with hospice support have better psychological functioning two years later, compared to family members without hospice support
Dr. Hoy studies memory changes with age, as well as interventions to improve memory among those over age 65. It is most likely that Dr. Hoy is a(n) ________.
gerontologist
During the Chinese period of the Ghost Month, ___________.
ghosts are free to roam the earth seeking food and entertainment
Erikson thought that intimacy was not possible until individuals _______.
had a fairly stable sense of identity
Arthritis _____.
has no cure
Cross-cultures research on intelligence_____.
has shown that skills that allow individuals to adapt to their environment are considered a type of intelligence
In developed countries today, most people die _________.
in a hospital
In developed countries, ____________ were the dominant cause of death until the early 20 th century.
infectious diseases
The old-age dependency ratio ______________.
is not an immediate problem in the United States because its population is growing due to immigration
During late adulthood ________.
loss of bone mass in the jaw makes the face look thinner
Beyond reducing body, exercise has also been shown to_____.
lower the death rate of those who maintain regular exercise in adulthood
During late adulthood __________.
many people develop age spots
People from traditional cultures consider___as the key transition to adulthood.
marriage
Following the death of a spouse___________.
men are more likely than women to experience physical and mental health problems
Research on marriage in the United States has shown that ________.
midlife married couples often describe their spouse as their best friend
In the initial period following bereavement, grief _______.
often involves shock, numbness, and disbelief
Ending chemotherapy treatment for a cancer patient is an example of_____.
passive euthanasia
In late adulthood, religious beliefs are _____.
positively correlated with both mental and physical health
A study that measures the time it takes a person to push a button once they hear a sound is focused on ________.
reaction time
Interventions to determine whether cognitive decline can be prevented or even reversed _________.
resulted in significant improvement for a substantial proportion of individuals
According to socioemotional selectivity theory ______.
shrinking social networks in adulthood are by choice
Kareem's father complains about having to wear a continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) device at night, because it makes it hard for him to sleep. He most likely has ______.
sleep apnea
According to _______ , shrinking social networks in adulthood are by choice.
socioemotional selectivity theory
Memory for where a piece of information is acquired is known as
source memory
One difference between gay male couples and heterosexual couples is that gay male couples ____.
tend to have a higher frequency of sexual activity
During midlife, ______.
the cilia thin out
Maturity of _____ reflects cognitive changes that underline expertise.
the frontal cortex
The old-age dependency ratio (OADR) refers to ______.
the number of persons aged 65 or older compared to the number of persons ages 20-64
When death is expected, such as a death that occurs after a long illness, ________.
the survivors are able to prepare themselves through anticipatory grief
The focus of hospice care is __________.
to relieve a patient's pain and suffering and provide care that allows the patient to die with dignity
Erik Erikson's notion of intimacy is best described as___________.
uniting your newly formed identity with another person in an enduring, committed, emotionally close relationship
Retirement satisfaction tends to be especially high for _______.
well-educated people who had high-status jobs
