Psychology 2.8-2.9
Which of the following is a circadian rhythm?
A cycle of biological functioning that lasts about 25 hours
Sally says that her dream about going to a circus is just her brain attempting to make sense of random stimulation from the brain stem. Sally's explanation is consistent with which of the following theories of dreaming?
Activation-synthesis
A certain drug reduces the activity of the central nervous system, including the hippocampus and cerebellum. It affects several neurotransmitters, most notably gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Which of the following is most like the drug in question ?
Alcohol
Malia is 10 years of age, and her grandmother, Anna Rosa, is 60 years old. Which statement is likely to be true concerning their sleep patterns?
Anna Rosa sleeps fewer hours per day than Malia does.
Based on its effects on the central nervous system, alcohol can be classified as
Depressant
In terms of the effect on the central nervous system, alcohol is most accurately classified as which of the following types of drug?
Depressant
Cocaine blocks the reuptake of which neurotransmitter?
Dopamine
Which of the following groups of characteristics best describes the REM sleep stage?
Fast breathing, relatively high heart rate, relatively high blood pressure
Consistent with the concept of neural plasticity, neurons in mammals have been found to change the way they function as a result of repeated stimulation by doing which of the following?
Growing new dendritic spines
Jeff lives in the United States, and he recently has not caught an illness, which of the following is the most likely flew to Spain. Even after sleeping for several hours on the flight, he still felt lethargic for a few days. If Jeff explanation for his physical response?
His circadian rhythm has been disrupted.
Which of the following statements concerning sleep is valid?
Individuals do not typically act out their dreams.
Which of the following statements best describes the effect of alcohol on human functioning?
It depresses the central nervous system.
In adult humans, which of the following is typically true of REM sleep?
It is correlated with dreaming
REM sleep, generally an "active" state of sleep, is accompanied by which of the following paradoxical characteristics?
Lowered muscle tone
Beth received a hemispherectomy to treat a seizure disorder when she was two years old. However, by the time she was five years old, her cognitive abilities were the same as those of a neurotypical five year old. Which of the following best explains her abilities?
Myelination Neuroplasticity
Rafacl has a sleep disorder for which he takes medically prescribed amphetamines. For which of the following sleep disorders is Rafael most likely being treated?
Narcolepsy
Which of the following terms refers to the brain's ability to physically change over time in reaction to experiences?
Neuroplasticity
Which of the following are involved in regulating circadian rhythms?
Photoreceptors, hypothalamus, pincal gland
During the night, Alicia stops breathing repeatedly, frequently gasps for air, and snores loudly at regular intervals. Alicia is most likely suffering from which of the following conditions?
Sleep apnea
Which of the following characteristics is generally associated with the use of hallucinogens?
The experience of vivid, distorted images that are not based on sensory improved input
Which of the following is an explanation of why travelers suffer from jet lag?
There is a disruption in their circadian rhythm.
Getting a headache from not having a morning coffee after substantial daily coffee consumption for several months is most likely due to
Withdrawl
The biological clock that operates in human beings to adjust their functioning to night-and-day periodicity is referred to as
a circadian rhythm
The explanation that holds that dreams are merely the brain's attempt to make sense of meaningless patterns of brain activity during sleep is called the
activation-synthesis theory
An individual who drinks alcohol daily finds it necessary to drink increasing amounts to achieve the state of well- being attained in the past. This individual is showing
alcohol tolerance
When a person is suffering from severe pain, the type of drug that will best help alleviate that pain is
an opiate
Sigmund Freud believed that dream analysis was a useful device for
gaining insight into unconscious motives
When people consume large amounts of alcohol, they are often unable to recall what they did and said while they were drinking. This occurs because alcohol interferes with the brain's ability to form new memories in the
hippocampus
Lucid dreaming occurs when people
hours the most have dreams in which they are aware that they are dreaming
Sleep paralysis typically occurs in people who are
in REM sleep
Sara had an argument with her coworker, Adam. That night, Sara had a dream that she was shopping at a mall and Adam was in every store in which she shopped. A psychoanalyst would say that Adam's being at the mall in her dream was an example of which of the following?
manifest content
The brain's ability to adapt after it is damaged is known as
plasticity
A common psychological effect of alcohol intake is
reduced inhibition
A patient reports constant sleepiness. A series of tests reveal that the patient's sleep is frequently disrupted by periods of interrupted breathing and brief awakenings. Which of the following diagnoses would account for such symptoms?
sleep apnea
The painful experience associated with termination of the use of an addictive substance is known as
withdrawal
Which of the following will NOT increase behavioral and mental activity?
Barbiturates
Caffeine and nicotine are in the same class as which of the following drugs?
Cocaine
Which of the following psychoactive drugs increases nervous system activity?
Cocaine
