Psychology 2e Chapter 15 Review

Which classification system is used by most mental health professionals in the United States of America?

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5)

Fidel suddenly wanders away from his home and experiences confusion about his identity. Fidel may be experiencing dissociative ________.

fugue

In which of the anxiety disorders is the person in a continuous state of excessive, pointless worry and apprehension?

generalized anxiety disorder

Suicide rates are _______ among men than among women, and they are __________ during the winter holiday season than during the spring months.

higher; lower

A study of adoptees whose biological mothers had schizophrenia found that the adoptees were most likely to develop schizophrenia

if they were raised in a disturbed home environment

People with borderline personality disorder often ________.

impulsive and unpredictable

Why is the perspective one uses in explaining a psychological disorder important?

it explains the psychological disorder, their causes and etiology, and effective treatments from a different viewpoint

Patterns of inner experience and behavior are thought to reflect the presence of a psychological disorder if they

lead to significant distress and impairment in one's life

A study based on over 9,000 U. S. residents found that the most prevalent disorder was

major depressive disorder

Janice is in the middle of a distinct period of an abnormally and persistently elevated mood. In the last week she has cleaned her house from top to bottom (breaking windows and dishes in the process), bought a new car that she can't afford, and dug up most of her yard in case she might want a garden next year. Janice is experiencing a(n) ________ episode.

manic

Which of the following best illustrates a compulsion?

mentally counting backward from 1,000

Alan has an overinflated and unjustified sense of self-importance. He is preoccupied with fantasies of success and believes that he is entitled to special treatment from others. Alan appears to suffer from ________ personality disorder.

narcissistic

Which brain region is believed to play a critical role in the development of symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder?

orbitofrontal cortex

Symptoms of PTSD include all of the following except ________.

physical complaints that cannot be explained medically

Autism spectrum disorder is marked by all but which of the following categories of symptoms?

severe depressive symptoms

Diondre harbors the belief that spider eggs have been implanted underneath his fingernails and that the spiders will hatch inside his skin and will eventually begin to eat his organs. What kind of delusion is this?

somatic

The _______ perspective of psychological disorders attributed symptoms of such ailments to forces that were beyond scientific understanding, such as black magic or evil spirits.

supernatural

Peripartum onset depression is a kind of depression ________.

that applies to women who experience major depressive symptoms during or in the four weeks after pregnancy

Researchers have found that approximately _____ percent of those with dissociative identity disorder were physically and/or sexually abused in childhood, leading to the conclusion that trauma can be a cause of this disorder.

95

_________disorders are characterized by excessive, persistent fear and worry that is accompanied by disturbances in behaviors.

Anxiety

The letters in the abbreviation DSM-5 stand for

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

Which of the following exemplifies a symptom of autism spectrum disorder?

Gemma exhibits deficits in social interaction by not initiating conversations with other children, and she turns her head away when spoken to

Which of the following is the best example of a compulsion?

Jack locks his door exactly nine times every time he leaves the house to make sure it is locked.

Which of the following is an inaccurate statement about dissociative disorders?

People with these disorders exhibit a personality style that differs markedly from the expectations of their culture.

Which of the following is an example of hopelessness theory?

Robin has an expectation that terrible things will happen and there is nothing she can do about it—this leads her to become depressed.

The diathesis-stress model presumes that psychopathology results from

adverse environmental or psychological events

Piper is terribly afraid of a number of different situations. She doesn't like riding on public busses or subways, finds open spaces very intimidating, does not like feeling "lost in a crowd," and prefers the safe and secure feeling of her own home. If these symptoms cause disruptions in her life, Piper might be diagnosed with

agoraphobia

Research indicates that the symptoms of OCD

are related to hyperactivity in the orbitofrontal cortex

Aaron can't pay attention in class. He is easily distracted, won't sit still, and displays poor impulse control. The school counselor suggested that his parents take him to a doctor to have him assessed for ________.

attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Nadeen is socially inhibited and oversensitive to negative evaluation. She was thinking about a career in nursing, but she changed her mind because she believes the doctors would criticize her and patients would reject her. She has never been on a date because she feels socially inept and unappealing; she avoids meeting new people because anything less than immediate, unconditional acceptance causes her anxiety. Just yesterday she was invited to go on a kayak trip, but she didn't go because she was worried she would embarrass herself. Which of the following diagnoses accounts for Nadeen's personality?

avoidant personality disorder

Which of the following is not a risk factor for suicide?

being a fan of violent media (music, television shows, movies, etc.)

According to the textbook, which of these events would have the highest likelihood of causing posttraumatic stress disorder?

being assaulted and robbed of your cash and credit cards

The approach to psychology suggesting that psychological disorders may be best explained by looking at genetic factors, chemical imbalances, and brain abnormalities is the ________ perspective.

biological

Patty cannot be alone. Her moods and behaviors are unstable, as are her relationships with other people. She often displays inappropriate and intense anger. Recently, Patty wrote a suicide note and offered to show it to her husband. Which of the following diagnoses accounts for her personality?

borderline personality disorder

A psychological disorder is

condition characterized by abnormal thoughts, feelings, and behaviors

Clifford falsely believes that the police have planted secret cameras in his home to monitor his every movement. Clifford's belief is an example of

delusions

Which pair of neurotransmitters has received the most attention as a potential explanation for the symptoms of schizophrenia?

dopamine and serotonin

Antisocial personality disorder is associated with

emotional deficits

Charlie spends a few weeks being treated for major depressive disorder. He eventually stops exhibiting symptoms, but a few months later they reoccur. Once again the symptoms dissipate, but a few months later they reoccur. Charlie's major depressive disorder is ________?

episodic

Which of the following is a set of symptoms or behaviors that you might see in a person diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder?

lack of regard for others' rights, impulsivity, deceitfulness, irresponsibility, and lack of remorse over misdeeds

People with ________ disorders experience thoughts and urges that are intrusive and unwanted and/or the need to engage in repetitive behaviors or mental acts.

obsessive-compulsive

Tim is an unforgiving perfectionist who would rather deliver work a week late than turn in a project with even minor mistakes. In fact, he spends so much time working that he never has time for anything else. Tim is known to be rigid, inflexible, and stubborn, and he never compromises. Which of the following diagnoses accounts for Tim's personality?

obsessive-compulsive personality disorder

If Lucy has bipolar disorder, then she ________.

often experiences mood states that vacillate between depression and mania

Cordelia, an active duty marine, served in Afghanistan. While she was on patrol with her friend, an IED went off, killing her friend and injuring Cordelia's left arm. In the two months since her friend died, Cordelia has been jumpy, irritable, avoids talking about her friend, and once every few days experiences a flashback to the explosion. Cordelia is experiencing ________ disorder.

posttraumatic stress

At the most basic level, schizophrenia is best conceptualized as a(n) ________ disorder.

psychotic

Mental or behavioral acts that reduce anxiety in social situations, such as avoiding eye contact or rehearsing sentences before speaking are called

safety behaviors

Andrea experiences the symptoms of major depressive disorder, but only during the fall and winter months when she gets less direct exposure to sunlight What kind of depression does Andrea have?

seasonal pattern

Dissociative amnesia involves

memory loss following stress

Those symptoms that involve noticeable decreases and absences in certain behaviors, emotions, or drives in those afflicted with schizophrenia are called ________ symptoms.

negative

Common symptoms of major depressive disorder include all of the following except ________.

periods of extreme elation and euphoria

Which of the following is not a primary characteristic of ADHD?

restricted and fixated interest

What is meant by the term etiology?

the cause of a disorder

What is comorbidity?

the co-occurrence of two disorders

In the harmful dysfunction definition of psychological disorders, dysfunction involves

the inability of a psychological mechanism to perform its function.

Which of the following elevates the risk of developing PTSD?

the severity of the trauma

Alice was diagnosed with major depressive disorder five years ago. She knows her mother took medicine to combat depression and she worries her daughter will experience depression too. Why?

Mood disorders have been shown to have a strong genetic and biological basis

Which of the following is an example of a diathesis-stress model?

Ozzie has a genetic predisposition toward depression, but he did not experience depression until his mother and father died.

What do obsessive-compulsive disorder, body dysmorphic disorder, and hoarding disorder have in common?

They elevate the unwanted thoughts and repetitive behaviors to a status so intense that these cognitions and activities disrupt daily life

Dissociative identity disorder mainly involves

different personalities

One of the primary characteristics of autism spectrum disorder is

difficulty relating to others

Which of the following is a common characteristic of all dissociative disorders?

becoming split off, or separated, from one's core sense of self