Psychology 310 Flashcards Chapter 2

Which of the following is TRUE?

A company giving a personality test must ensure they know what kind of candidates the test questions might be screening out.

What is the function of a correlation coefficient?

A correlation coefficient measures the strength and direction of the linear relationship between two variables.

Applied research:

Answers a real-world problem

How would someone who was irritable be viewed in light of the humorism of the ancient Greeks?

As having an excess of yellow bile

_____ is more frequently diagnosed in women than in men.

Borderline personality disorder

Amanda is a researcher who wants to study the relationship between child abuse and borderline personality disorder. Amanda decides to use a case study to examine her research question. Which of the following statements supports Amanda's decision to use a case study design?

Case studies are useful for studying situations that could not be created experimentally due to ethical concerns.

Which of the following statements is NOT true of case studies?

Case studies involve manipulating variables

Which of the following is true of conducting psychology research in the real world?

Conducting real-world research can be useful in debunking myths based on 'common knowledge' that may not actually be true

_____ occurs when a test has different meanings for members of different cultural groups.

Construct bias

After a research study has been completed, all participants must be given details about the purpose, which experimental group they were in, and whether deception was used. This part of the study is called what?

Debriefing

Which idea below is considered acceptable within psychology studies, but only if it is absolutely necessary for the success of the study?

Deception

When a personality test is being designed, the designers should make sure to _____.

Define success or normality using a properly varied sample of the population.

Basic research:

Expands our knowledge and understanding.

Which of the following is a stregnth of experimental studies?

Experimental studies are considered highly objective.

Which of the following is a strength of experimental studies?

Experimental studies are considered highly objective.

Which study design allows researchers to draw strong conclusions about causality?

Experimental study

Which of the following types of bias is a form of response bias?

Extreme Responding Bias

When taking a personality test online _____. I. Make sure to be aware that your data can be de-anonymized II. Always read the privacy policy III. Don't answer truthfully

I and II only

Which of the following is a discriminatory way of administering a personality test? I. Give it only to African Americans II. Administer it to all applicants III. Administer it in a manner that is accessible to the test taker

I only

Which of the following might NOT be a good way to give a personality test to someone with a hearing and/or speech impediment? I. Standard face to face interview format II. Written format III. A computerized multiple choice test

I only

Which of the following is a way by which real-world research can be conducted in the field of psychology? I. Via apps that take photos and videos II. Via apps that ask people questions III. By asking a person to write about their day retrospectively

I, II, and III

Which of the following would a researcher in psychology be interested in finding out from a real-world experiment? I. Social environment II. Physical environment III. Feelings and thoughts

I, II, and III

If Taka is undertaking an ethical research study, which of the events listed below should have happened before she began collecting data?

IRB review

Why might someone in Japan want to know your blood type if they are curious about your personality?

In Japan, some people associate blood types with personality types, for instance type B blood is associated with optimism.

Which of the terms below refers to a piece of paper that explains to you, in detail, everything that will happen in a research study before it begins?

Informed consent form

Before a research study begins, it must be approved by a committee of people who have considered the ethics involved. What is the standard name of this committee?

Institutional Review Board

What is an advantage of lab research over real-world psychology research?

It controls for possible confounding factors

Which of the following is NOT an advantage of real-world research using apps that record audio or video over lab research in psychology?

It helps researchers control where and when a kind of thought or feeling may be best expressed.

Which of the following statements about the Thematic Apperception Test is FALSE?

Its initial design, procedures, pictures, and scoring continue to be used today with very little modification.

Jared is very even-keeled and rolls with the punches whether at work or home. His friend Bill, on the other hand, easily becomes anxious and overwhelmed in many situations. What difference would you DEFINITELY expect if the two friends' personality traits were tested?

Jared would have a lower level of neuroticism than Bill.

Looking for common patterns in people's personalities is called the _____ approach.

Nomothetic

_____ refers to the way the environment acts upon a person.

Nurture

How do basic and applied research work together?

One leads into the other.

In what area would someone who is an avid daydreamer, voracious reader, and rock climber most probably have a high score?

Openness to experience

The combination of traits that makes a person unique is his or her:

Personality

_____ refers to how as someone learns skills, such as attention and critical thinking, their brain actually begins to change.

Plasticity

Nomothetic psychologists measure personality via:

Psychometrics

Psychologists who believe in the idiographic approach do NOT measure a person's personality traits using:

Psychometrics

Ralph has a Type A personality and Taryn has a Type B personality. How are they different from one another?

Ralph is very focused and impatient at work, while Taryn is more of a steady, easy going worker.

Which is an example of basic research?

Research focusing on the processes of memory

Which of the following is an example of applied psychological research?

Research measuring the level of impairment of driving skills with alcohol intoxication

Survey respondents have a tendency to underreport socially taboo behaviors, such as unprotected sex. Which type of bias refers to this phenomenon?

Socially desirability bias

Which text can be a great help in finding out more about psychological tests?

The Mental Measurements Yearbook

Which of the following is FALSE about the Thematic Apperception Test?

The background of the examiner is irrelevant to the scoring of the subjects' stories.

When examiners analyze the stories in the TAT, they focus on all of the following, EXCEPT:

The length of the stories

Grace believes that a person is born with a certain degree of intelligence and that the environment they are raised in has little to do with their intelligence. Which theme in psychology does her belief represent?

The nature vs. nurture debate

What would a valid reason be for administering a psychological assessment?

There is something about your client that you really need to know in order to make a diagnosis and help him.

How would you expect someone with a high conscientiousness score to evidence this trait in a work environment?

They will probably always be on time for work.

If asked, Megan's boss would describe her as an extremely ambitious and driven employee who is also very organized and can be competitive with her teammates at times. Megan is an example of someone who has a _____ personality.

Type A

Greg's Mom tends to get frustrated with him because he is approaching thirty years of age and still lives at home. He has creative ideas but is also disorganized. He would rather relax with his friends on the weekend than spend time revising his resume and searching for a better paying job. This is an example of a _____ personality.

Type B

One question you should ask yourself when determining whether or not to issue a psychological assessment is what?

What is it that you really need to know about this client's personality?

Which of the following questions is NOT asked as part of the Thematic Apperception Test?

Where is the location of the characters taking place?

Which of the following statements is TRUE about the Thematic Apperception Test?

You create stories about pictures that are ambiguous about what's happening in them.

Charisma is defined as the ability to be seen by others as _____.

a leader

A test given to determine various personality traits is called what?

a psychological assessment

Jed is an antagonistic person who doesn't get along well with others. You would expect him to have a low score in _____.

agreeableness

A projective test asks participants to respond to

an ambiguous image

It would be very important to have knowledge of someone's _____ in order to judge that person's personality based on physiognomy.

appearance

The Affective Communication Test was devised as an attempt to measure a person's _____.

charisma

A highly energetic person who is considered the life of the party may score highly in _____.

extraversion

When Dr. Jones gives a lecture on inherited traits encoded into a person's DNA, she is teaching about _____.

genes

Type A and Type B personalities have the same health risks, as long as individuals with Type A personality can manage the deadly trait of _____.

hostility

Trying to understand people's personalities by looking at what is unique to each individual is called the _____ approach.

idiographic

Noah believes that a person's genes and environment influence each other. His belief is an example of the _____.

interaction of nature and nurture

One important thing to remember after administering a psychological/personality test is that you are also going to have to do what to it?

interpret it

A projective test is most often used to assess

personality

The qualities and characteristics that make an individual unique and form the foundation of who he is are known as his _____.

personality

A person with high ACT scores can _____ others just by being in the same room with them.

positively influence

Which of the following professions was noted by researchers as attracting a large number of expressive people?

sales

What type of behavior is denoted by the term Machiavellianism?

selfish and manipulative

Phrenology associates personality and character traits with parts of the _____.

skull

In the Thematic Apperception Test, participants are asked to

tell a story about an image

This projective test uses inkblots to assess personality:

the Rorschach Test

While most personality assessments rely on the participant to report their feelings and behaviors accurately, projective tests

use the participant's unconscious reactions to evaluate personality

The ancient Greeks believed the human body was made up of four substances, called humors. Which of the following was NOT one of these humors?

water (real: yellow bile, black bile, phlegm, blood)

Which type of bias is also known as ''yeah-saying''?

Acquiescence bias