Psychology 6

In the initial period of learning, _______ describes when an organism learns to connect a neutral stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus.

Acquisition

Classical and operant conditioning are forms of _______ learning.

Associative

Which of the following is an example of a reflex: an unlearned, automatic response by an organism to a stimulus in the enviormnent?

the pupil of your eye contracting in the presence of bright light

Gambling at a slot machine is an example of which reinforcement schedule?

variable ratio

Which of the following is an example of operant conditioning?

when a dog plays dead she gets a treat in order to encourage her to repeat the behavior

_______ reinforcers have innate reinforcing qualities.

Primary

Who experimented with rats to demonstrate that organisms can learn even if they do not receive immediate reinforcement?

Edward C. Tolman

Which of the following is the decrease in the conditioned response when the unconditioned stimulus is no longer presented with the conditioned stimulus?

Extinction

If a stimulus plus a response results in a satisfying outcome, the probability of that response occurring again _________.

Increases

Birds migrating, cats chasing prey, sea turtles moving toward the ocean immediately after birth, and joeys moving to the mother's pouch immediately after birth are all examples of _______.

Instincts

What are innate behaviors that are triggered by a broader range of events, such as aging and the change of seasons?

Instincts

Learning that occurs but is not observable in behavior until there is a reason to demonstrate it is called _______ learning.

Latent

What do psychologists call a relatively permanent change in behavior or knowledge that results from experience?

Learning

Which term best describes rewearding successive approximations of a target behavior?

Shaping

Which of the following is an example of instinct: unlearned knowledge that involves complex patterns of behavior?

baby seeking food by rooting and suckling

Grace whistles while tickling Jon with a feather. Eventually, Jon starts to squirm and giggle every time Grace whistles, even when he is not being tickled. In this example squirming and giggling is a(n) _______.

conditioned response

In classical conditioning, the association that is learned is between a _______.

neutral stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus

Mia is taught to go to sleep when the light is turned off. However, for many months Mia no longer falls asleep when the light is turned off. Later, Mia begins to fall asleep when the light is turned off again. This is an example of _______.

spontaneous recovery

Which of the following is an example of a fixed interval reinforcement schedule?

taking your dog to the park every afternoon at 4:00 p.m.

Which of the following is an example of observational learning?

teaching yourself yoga by watching a yoga group in the park