Psychology

Allowing time for complex ideas to incubate outside of conscious awareness is most likely to promote:

creativity

Research on memory construction indicates that memories of past experiences are likely to be distorted by our

current assumptions

When New York University women were dressed in Ku Klux Klan-style hoods, they demonstrated significantly more aggression. This finding is best explained in terms of

deindividualizatiion

Which of the following is NOT true about Genie Wiley, the "wild child," according to the documentary we watched in class?

doesn't go back to normal

Which of the following would be most characteristic of a 2-year-old's telegraphic speech?

eat apple

When Tony is in a bad mood, he interprets his parents' comments as criticisms. When he's in a good mood, he interprets the same types of parental comments as helpful suggestions. This best illustrates that our emotional states influence the process of

encoding

To find out if her new spatial reasoning test is good at measuring what it was designed to measure, Dr. Chu compares the scores on her test with the scores and grades of college students enrolled in courses that involve spatial reasoning. In this instance, Dr. Chu is in the process of:

establishing the test's validity

Solomon Asch reported that individuals conformed to a group's judgment of the lengths of lines

even when the group judgement was clearly incorrect

Just passing by a person who sneezes and coughs heightens our perceptions of various health risks. This best illustrates the impact of:

framing

A momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli is called ________ memory.

iconic

Following a brain injury from a brutal knife attack, Mike is unable to consciously recall or recognize what a knife is. But he still shows a conditioned fear response to the sight of a knife. His conditioned reaction best indicates that he retains a(n) ________ memory.

implicit

In one experiment, White respondents typically took longer to identify words such as peace and paradise as "good" when the words were associated with Black-sounding names rather than White-sounding names. This best illustrated

implicit prejudice

Experimental studies indicate that people who are randomly assigned to play a violent video game

increase arousal and increase chances of hurting fellow student

Kelly is a Republican and Carlos is a Democrat. Both believe that the members of their own political party are more fair-minded and trustworthy than members of any other party. This belief best illustrates

ingroup bias

The increase in synaptic firing potential that contributes to memory formation is known as:

long term potentiation

Kentaro hates to wear ties but wears one to his sister's wedding to avoid his family's disapproval. Kentaro's behavior exemplifies the importance of

normative social influence

In Milgram's obedience experiments, "teachers" were most likely to deliver high levels of shock when

not at a prestigious university like yale

The tendency to recall faces of one's own race more accurately than faces of other races is called

other race effect

The smallest distinctive sound unit of language is a:

phonemes

After identifying an ethnically blended face as Asian rather than as Caucasian, Belgian students recalled the face as more closely resembling their ________ of an Asian face.

prototype

Which of the following questions would best enable you to remember that you saw the word peach on today's test?

Is the word a type of fruit?

difficulty in learning new information because of already existing information

Proactive interference

Ksana insists that her boyfriend's car accident resulted from his carelessness. Her explanation for the accident provides an example of

a dispositional attribute

Previously learned information often facilitates our learning of new information. This phenomenon is called

recognition

To retain a newly introduced nonsense syllable in our working memory, it is most clearly necessary to engage in:

rehersal

Jeremy can accurately process and store new information, but when he is tested on what he has learned, he becomes so anxious that he can't easily recall the new information. Jeremy most clearly demonstrates difficulty with:

retrieval

Judy is embarrassed because she momentarily fails to remember a good friend's name. Judy's poor memory most likely results from a failure in

retrieval

Mood-congruent memory best illustrates that the emotions we experienced while learning something become

retrieval cues

The original Atkinson-Schiffrin three-stage information-processing model introduced distinctions among:

sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory.

Sweden and Iceland exhibit little of the gender gap in mathematical abilities found in Turkey and Korea. This best illustrates that mental abilities are:

socially influenced

Twenty-five-year-old Alexandra has an intellectual disability and can neither read nor write. However, after hearing lengthy, unfamiliar, and complex musical selections just once, she can reproduce them precisely on the piano. It is likely that Alexandra is:

someone with savant syndrome

When Brandon was told that he correctly answered 80 percent of the items on a math achievement test, he asked how his performance compared with that of the average test-taker. Brandon's concern was directly related to the issue of:

standardization

Chan decides to make a positive change in his life. Instead of going to work with a frown on his face, he will force himself to smile when he walks into work. According to ________, by altering his behavior Chan is likely to change his negative attitude about work.

the attitudes follow behavior principle

Observers' responses to the tragic murder of Kitty Genovese outside her New York apartment best illustrated

the bystander effect

Carol is restless during class because her professor's distressed facial expressions lead her to believe that he dislikes teaching. The professor, on the other hand, is distressed because he sees Carol's restlessness as an indication that she lacks any motivation to learn. At this point, both student and professor should be informed of the dangers of

the fundamental attribution error

Forest-dwelling chimpanzees use a light, flexible stick for fishing for termites. This illustrates their naturally developed use of:

tools

Noam Chomsky emphasized that children's ability to pick up language so readily resulted from:

universal grammar

methodical step-by-step procedure for solving problems.

algorithm

Which of the following persons is most clearly acting aggressively?

child trying to hit another child with a rock

Which term refers to all the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating?

cognition

Fernando's favorable attitude toward capital punishment began to change when he was asked to offer arguments opposing it in a university debate class. His attitude change is best explained by ________ theory.

cognitive dissonance

Research on the language capabilities of apes clearly demonstrates that they have the capacity to:

communicate through the use of symbols

Because she believes that boys are naughtier than girls, Mrs. Zumpano, a second-grade teacher, watches boys more closely than she watches girls for any signs of misbehavior. Mrs. Zumpano's surveillance strategy best illustrates:

confirmation bias

Four-month-old Piper makes a series of repetitive consonant-vowel sounds such as ba ba ba ba. This best illustrates:

babling

Which of the following is most clearly supported by research on social attraction?

birds of a feather flock together

Darcy is in the market to buy a new car. The salesperson shows her the features of each car she is considering, explaining the pros and cons of purchasing each. The salesperson's strategy illustrates

central route persuasion