Psychology ch. 4 Sections 4-6 Review, PSYC 102 - Ch. 4 Module

What should be changed to make the following sentence true? The brain's clock mechanism is located in an area of the hypothalamus known as the pineal nucleus. A The word "clock" should be changed to the word "chronometer." B The word "clock" should be changed to the word "circadian." C The word "nucleus" should be changed to the word "gland." D The word "pineal" should be changed to the word "suprachiasmatic."

D The word "pineal" should be changed to the word "suprachiasmatic."

Most people are awake during the day and asleep at night because their ________ cycles are aligned with the outside world. A circadian B external C melatonin D homeostatic

A circadian

Ali is aware of his feelings, emotions, and thoughts. He is also aware of his surroundings, the warmth of the sun, and the sound of nearby traffic. Ali is in a state of ________. A consciousness B conscience C unconsciousness D REM sleep

A consciousness

Which of the following involves a virtual reality model of the world? A protoconsciousness B lucid dreaming C manifest content D stage 1 sleep

A protoconsciousness

In what stage of sleep do sleep spindles appear? A 4 B 2 C 3 D 1

B 2

The ________ wave is characteristic of stage 1 sleep. A beta B kappa C alpha D delta

C alpha

The hidden meaning of a dream is called the ________ content. A latent B manifest C alpha D Freudian

A latent

What is cataplexy?

A symptom associated with narcolepsy

Jack needs to stay awake another hour to study for his English final, so he drinks several cups of cola. When he's done studying, he finds that he can't sleep even though he wants to, he feels agitated, his muscles twitch, his heartbeat is irregular, and he feels nauseated. What is causing Jack to feel this way?

caffeine

What would be experienced during a euphoric high?

feelings of intense elation and pleasure

What is a risk factor for SIDS?

hyperthermia, premature birth, smoking in the home

Regular feelings of hunger are an example of a(n) ________ rhythm. A axon B biological C suprachiasmatic D heterostatic

B biological

The ________ rhythm occurs over approximately 24 hours. A meta B circadian C pineal D homeostatic

B circadian

Which of the following causes a sleep debt? A the circadian rhythm B insufficient sleep on a chronic basis C high levels of sensory awareness, thought, and behavior D travel between time zones

B insufficient sleep on a chronic basis

What hormone does the pineal gland release? A estrogen B melatonin C insulin D testosterone

B melatonin

After Noah falls asleep, he feels a sense of panic, screams, and attempts to escape from his room. Which parasomnia does Noah have?

Night terrors

What are uncomfortable sensations in the leg during periods of inactivity symptoms of?

Restless leg syndrome

According to the dissociation view of hypnosis, what is hypnosis?

b. effectively a dissociated state of consciousness

Mescaline is considered a ______drug because it results in profound alterations in sensory and perceptual experiences.

hallucinogens

What is an example of a synthetic opioid?

methadone

Stephanie was driving to work when she suddenly felt paralyzed and couldn't resist falling asleep. What might Stephanie have?

narcolepsy

Morphine is considered a(n) _____ drug because it decreases pain.

opioid

While the American Heart Association (AHA) suggests that meditation might be used in conjunction with more traditional treatments as a way to manage hypertension, _____.

there is no adequate empirical report for its effectiveness

Why can amphetamines be used to treat ADHD in children?

They increase neurotransmitter activity within certain areas of the brain associated with impulse control.

Alcohol is considered a ________ because it tends to suppress central nervous system activity. A depressant B antipsychotic C stimulant D hallucinogen

A depressant

Katia is experiencing a state of extreme self-focus and attention. Her brother is trying to get her attention, but she ignores him. Her phone is buzzing, but she doesn't notice. This state was most likely induced through ________. A hypnosis B methamphetamines C cognitive behavioral therapy D K-complex manipulation

A hypnosis

In a ________ dream, people become aware that they are dreaming and can control the dream's content. A lucid B K-complex C theta wave D REM

A lucid

Marie is aware that she is dreaming when she has a nightmare, so she concentrates and changes her dream from bad to good. This situation illustrates ________ dreaming. A lucid B external C internal D stage 1

A lucid

Which of the following is a type of sleep disorder in which unwanted, disruptive motor activity occurs? A parasomnia B REM phase C NREM phase D insomnia

A parasomnia

When people who have REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) are sleeping, they are likely to _________. A punch and scratch B stop breathing C snore loudly D walk around and cry

A punch and scratch

Sleepwalking is also referred to as ________. A somnambulism B restless leg syndrome C somniloquy D night terror

A somnambulism

Which theory suggests that when people are hypnotized they have voluntarily divided their conscious: one half aware of reality and the other half tuned in to the hypnotist? A social-cognitive B dissociative C cognitive behavioral D Jungian

B dissociative

While ________ is generally achieved through the interaction of a therapist and the person being treated, an individual can perform ________ alone. A meditation; somnambulism B hypnosis; meditation C somnambulism; meditation D meditation; hypnosis

B hypnosis; meditation

Sleepwalking, night terrors, and restless leg syndrome are all examples of________. A somnambulism B parasomnias C lucid dreaming D protoconsciousness

B parasomnias

Physical dependence on a drug is indicated by the user experiencing ________ as a result of discontinuing use of the drug. A psychological stress B a return to normal performance levels C changes in normal bodily functions D psychological distress

C changes in normal bodily functions

As shown by EEG recordings of new practitioners, _________ is not an altered state of consciousness; however, patterns of brain waves exhibited by expert practitioners may represent a unique state of consciousness. A insomnia B cognizance C meditation D narcolepsy

C meditation

Which of the following describes obstructive sleep apnea? A An individual dreams she cannot breathe and wakes up in a panic. B Signals sent from the brain that regulate breathing are blocked in the hypothalamus. C A disruption in signals that regulate breathing, which are sent from the brain, cause periods of interrupted breathing. D An individual's airway becomes blocked during sleep.

D An individual's airway becomes blocked during sleep.

What are examples of parasomnia disorders?

Sleepwalking, night terrors, restless leg syndrome

Why is crack considered more addictive than cocaine?

because it is smokable, so it reaches the brain more quickly

What happens to an individual undergoing hypnosis?

they usually have clear memories of the hypnotic experience and are in control of their own behaviors

Jackie smokes marijuana. At first, just a few inhalations were enough to cloud her mind. Over time, she needs to smoke more and more to achieve the same affect. This is an example of _____.

tolerance

Individuals undergoing hypnosis ________. A usually do not have clear memories of the hypnotic experience and are not in control of their own behaviors B report no memory of the events that occurred during the period they were hypnotized C can be coerced into harming themselves and others by a skilled hypnotist D usually have clear memories of the hypnotic experience and are in control of their own behaviors

D usually have clear memories of the hypnotic experience and are in control of their own behaviors

What is parasomnia?

It's one of a group disorders in which unwanted, disruptive motor activity and/or experiences during sleep play a role

When does obstructive sleep apnea occur?

When an individual's airways becomes blocked during sleep

Which of the following is asserted by the social cognitive theory of hypnosis? A Hypnosis is essentially an associated state of consciousness. B People can hypnotize themselves if they try hard enough. C No one can actually be hypnotized. D People in hypnotic states are performing the social role of a hypnotized person.

D People in hypnotic states are performing the social role of a hypnotized person.

Cocaine is considered a ________ drug because it tends to increase overall levels of neural activity. A hallucinogen B depressant C stimulant D antipsychotic

C stimulant

Which term describes the tendency to maintain a balance, or optimal level, within a biological system? A melatonin B rhythm C insomnia D homeostasis

D homeostasis

A theta wave is a type of ________. A brain wave associated with sleep spindles B brain wave associated with critical thinking C low frequency, high amplitude brain wave D low frequency, low amplitude brain wave

D low frequency, low amplitude brain wave

NREM sleep is a period of sleep ________. A that overlaps REM sleep B associated with lucid dreaming C that always occurs immediately after REM sleep D outside periods of REM sleep

D outside periods of REM sleep

Tariq depends on cigarettes to relieve his stress, though he smokes so infrequently that he experiences no significant, noticeable physical symptoms when he is not smoking. What does this exemplify? A physical dependence B tolerance C withdrawal D psychological dependence

D psychological dependence

Which of the following is marked by relatively low levels of physical activity and reduced sensory awareness? A consciousness B homeostasis C circadian rhythm D sleep

D sleep