Psychology: Ch. 5, 7, 9

What does the place theory of pitch perception suggest?

Receptors on different portions of the basilar membrane are sensitive to sounds of different frequencies.

Which concept is a type of mental set where you cannot perceive an object being used for something other than what it was designed for?

functional fixedness

________ amplitudes are associated with ________ sounds.

higher; louder

Which term refers to the vocabulary of a language, or the words contained within that language?

lexicon

Illness such as diabetes and cancer kill more than twice the number of Americans than murder or car accidents. However, Zale sees car accidents as more dangerous because he often hears about car accident fatalities on the nightly news, and he doesn't know anyone with diabetes or cancer. Therefore, Zale takes more precautions against car accidents. This exemplifies ________.

the availability heuristic

The goal of hospice care is to provide

death with dignity and pain management in a humane and comfortable setting.

The notion that the manner in which one's brain develops can have a significant impact on a person's cognitive functioning is central to the ________ perspective in developmental psychology.

neroconstructivist

Umberto is a one year old, and his mother is sensitive and responsive to his needs. He is distressed when his mother leaves him, and he is happy to see her when she returns. What kind of attachment is this?

secure

During Jean Piaget's ________ stage, the world is experienced through what we can take in through our perceptual systems and how we can move our bodies.

sensorimotor

Nikki was walking around a department store shopping one day, and did not realize that the shirt she was wearing looked just like the shirts worn by employees. When a stranger asked " do you work here," she thought it was funny. The other customers' assumption that Nikki was a store employee demonstrates the Gestalt principle of ________.

similarity

Which of the following is not one of the reasons for the new lifespan development category called emerging adulthood?

younger than average age for marriage

An intelligence score that falls below ________ indicates significant cognitive delays, and may be indicative of an intellectual disability.

70

According to ________, lifespan development encompasses eight stages and at each stage we encounter a psychosocial crisis that must be resolved.

Erik Erikson

Which pair of individuals are most likely to have the highest similarity in their IQ scores?

Marcus and Maria are identical twins who were separated at birth and raised in different families.

Two lines appear to be a different length, though in reality they are the same length. This is known as the ________ illusion.

Müller-Lyer

_________ development involves growth and changes in the body and brain, the senses, motor skills, and health and wellness.

Physical

analytical intelligence component of the triarchic theory of intelligence is demonstrated by the ability to ________.

analyze, evaluate, judge, compare, and contrast

Which parenting style is most encouraged in modern America?

authoritative

_______ disparity refers to the slightly different view of the world that each eye receives, and is a distance cue that allows us to perceive the depth of a given visual stimulus.

binocular

Carmela believes her assistant, Lian, is incompetent. She notices only what Lian does wrong while ignoring the above average quality of most of her work. This exemplifies ________ bias.

confirmation

Ravon is deaf. He was born without the ability to hear, and had never experienced an auditory stimulus. When people write using "sound" type words like "loud", "soft", and "quiet", he sometimes has difficulty understanding what they are trying to convey. Ravon has ________ deafness.

congenital

The amplitude of a wave is the height of a wave as measured from the highest point on the wave ________ to the lowest point on the wave ________.

crest; trough

According to Jean Piaget, in what stage do children begin to use abstract thinking processes?

formal operational

What does nature refer to in the nature vs. nurture debate?

genes and biology

One principle of civil engineering is that when you design a highway you should have traffic flow in the same direction and avoid interruptions to that flow as much as possible. Exit ramps tend to be curved so that cars don't have to stop rather than having 90-degree angles that force stops and starts. This is an application of which Gestalt principle?

good continuation

Niaz's car breaks down, and he is convinced that it was a predictable event even though there was no way of knowing it would happen. This exemplifies ________.

hindsight bias

As you are talking to a friend on your cell phone, you might find that you can't hear them because they are speaking very softly. If you ask them to "speak up", from a physical perspective you are asking them to ________ of the sound waves they are producing.

increase the amplitude

Knowing what a dinosaur is because you looked through a book with pictures of dinosaurs and watched the film Jurassic Park is an example of a natural concept that was developed through ________ experience.

indirect

Madeline is seven months old. Her mother is eating a cookie and Madeline wants some. Her mother hides the cookie under a napkin, but Madeline is not fooled. She knows the cookie is still there. What does this exemplify?

object premeance

A(an) ________ is a basic sound unit of a given language.

phoneme

Anwar is hiking in the woods and he gets lost. He spends several days trying to find his way back to his basecamp, but he has the knowledge to gather wood, start a fire, and keep himself warm at night. He is also able to identify local berries and mushrooms growing that he can eat without being poisoned. Anwar is demonstrating ___ intelligence from the triarchic theory.

practical

Elroy decided not to cheat on the exam because he would fail the class if he was caught. What stage of moral development does this exemplify?

pre-conventional

"Each person is born with a genetic potential to reach a certain level of potential, but whether or not they accomplish that level depends on their environments and experiences." This is the foundation of the ________ model.

range of reaction

Catherine is at a crowded baseball game when she loses track of her son, Nick. Despite the loud cheering and noise of the crowd, she can pinpoint his location when he calls for her because she can distinguish the sound of his voice from all the other voices. This illustrates _____ theory.

signal detection

Vinnie is standing on one leg with his arms in the air. The _____ sense helps keep him balanced so he has less chance of falling over.

vestibular

Who developed the triarchiac theory of intelligence?

Robert Sternberg

________ are concepts (mental models) that are used to help us categorize and interpret information.

Schemata

Which theorist is credited with proposing that psychosexual stages of development?

Sigmund Freud

Which theorist promoted the idea that development is fundamentally affected by one's culture as well as their interactions with their own environment?

Vygotsky

Imagine yourself in a dark classroom reading PowerPoint slides. If an audience member were to check the internet using her cell phone and causing her screen to light up, chances are that many people would notice the change in illumination in the classroom. However, if the same thing happened in a brightly lit classroom during a discussion, very few people would notice. The cell phone brightness does not change, but its ability to be detected as a change in illumination varies dramatically between the two contexts. This is an example of

Weber's Law

Nima excels at working with numbers in subjects such as calculus and algebra. This exemplifies ________ intelligence from multiple intelligences theory.

logical-mathematical

Age-specific approximations of when a certain skill or ability should first occur normal development are called developmental _______.

milestones

The practice of administering, scoring, and interpreting an assessment tool in the same manner is called ________.

standardization

The auditory cortex, in which sound stimuli are processed for perception, is located in the __________lobe.

temporal

What is an advanced directive?

A legal document that provides specific interventions that a person wants.

What kind of professional would be most qualified to administer an intelligence test?

A professional trained in psychology.

Which school of thinking in psychology includes the following concepts: figure-ground relationship, law of continuity, and principle of closure?

Gestalt

Ronaldo was born without the ability to experience pain, though he can perceive temperature differences and changes in pressure. What is his condition called?

congenital analgesia

When considering the wavelength of a radio wave- like the kind you hear when listening to music as you drive along - you would be correct to think that the size is this wave is about as long as ________

a building.

Rudy is amazing in all of his school classes, except math. He struggles to understand basic arithmetic concepts, confuses mathematical symbols like "+" and "=", and gets very frustrated and upset at the thought of doing math homework. Rudy has a normal level of cognitive functioning in other areas, and reads and writes with ease. Rudy's parents may want to have him evaluated to see if he suffers from ________.

dyscalculia

The type of intelligence that involves seeing complex relationships and solving problems is ______ intelligence.

fluid

What is confirmation bias?

focusing on information that confirms your existing beliefs

During adolescence there is a tendency to see people engage in higher levels of risk-taking behavior. Emotional outbursts are also quite common. This is explained by the relative underdevelopment of the ________ lobe of the cerebral cortex

frontal

Balancing, running, and jumping are all examples of ________ motor skills.

gross

Victoria has learned that she has metastatic breast cancer and has only a few months to live. She immediately goes to church and prays that she will "change her ways" and will become a model Christian if God will just heal her illness. Victoria is at the _______ stage of grieving.

bargaining

Akeelah extended her arm in front of her and then extended one of her fingers. She focused on that finger. Next, she closed her left eye without moving her head; then she opened her left eye and closed her right eye without moving her head. She noticed that her finger seemed to shift as she alternated between the two eyes because of the slightly different view each eye had of her finger. What is illustrated by this example?

binocular disparity

Sarit is at a bar full of music, chatter, and laughter. He gets involved in an interesting conversation with a woman named Mona, and he tunes out all the background noise. Sarit's friend, Karen, taps him on the shoulder and asks what song just played on the jukebox. Sarit says he doesn't know, even though he is sitting right next to the jukebox and is familiar with popular music. This illustrates the role that ________ plays in what is sensed versus what is perceived.

attention

Knowing what a rainbow looks like because you have seen a rainbow is an example of a ________ concept.

natural

If you watch a flock of birds flying overhead, each very close to the next one, you may perceive them as all being part of the same group. If they were all spaced very much apart, however, you may see them as individual birds not flying together. This distinction takes the advantage of which Gestalt principle?

proximity

Wesley is in a movie theater with no windows- the only light is low illumination from the emergency lights on the floor. Which photoreceptors will be most useful to Wesley as he attempts to leave the theater?

rods