Psychology - CH.4 & CH.12

Which term describes the tendency to maintain a balance, or optimal level, within a biological system?

*A. homeostasis* B. insomnia C. melatonin D. rhythm

Mohammed is sleeping. His eyelids are quivering because his eyes are darting around. Mohammed is probably experiencing ________ sleep.

A. night terrors B. non-REM C. NREM *D. REM*

Heather and Mike share the household chores as equally as possible. They take turns with the cooking and driving their son to daycare. Both of them work outside the home, and each of them takes responsibility for child care one night a week to give the other one a break. We can say that their relationship has ________.

A. altruism B. groupthink *C. reciprocity* D. social exchange

Rhona and Jerome share each other's thoughts and feelings and are prepared to support each other, but they do not feel physical attraction. Their love is called ________.

*A. companionate* B. consummate C. fatuous D. romantic

What is the just-world hypothesis?

A. a belief common in the United States that rejects the idea that people get the outcomes they deserve B. a belief common in the United States that we will be rewarded in the afterlife *C. an ideology common in the United States that people get the outcomes they deserve* D. an ideology common in the United States that the rich are bad people who will eventually be punished

Which of the following is the best example of the foot-in-the-door technique of persuasion?

A. anti-smoking advertisements that rely on celebrity spokespeople advocating for reduction in cigarette use B. anti-smoking advertisements that use charts and graphs to show how many people die from smoking-related causes each year *C. getting your parents to agree to cut their smoking down by a few cigarettes, then asking them to quit altogether* D. supporting your sister who has decided to go cold turkey in order to quit smoking

While the American Heart Association (AHA) suggests that meditation might be used in conjunction with more traditional treatments as a way to manage hypertension, ________.

A. research demonstrates that hypnosis is more effective in treating hypertension B. research demonstrates that mediation actually increases hypertension C. the AHA is under the influence of the anti-pharmaceutical movement *D. there is not adequate empirical support for its effectiveness*

The ________ effect focuses on the influence of the group majority on an individual's judgment.

*A. Asch* B. conformity C. Dollard D. social psychology

Henry is juror number four in a murder trial. He believes the accused is guilty, but when the jurors vote it becomes clear he is the only one that thinks this way. Henry votes not guilty along with the other jurors despite what he sees as evidence clearly indicating guilt. This is an example of the ________ effect.

*A. Asch* B. majority C. Milgram D. Zimbardo

Who described the collective unconscious?

*A. Carl Jung* B. John Hobson C. Rosalind Cartwright D. Sigmund Freud

Which of the following makes it more likely that a child will be bullied?

*A. Children who are different from others are more likely to be bullied.* B. Children who are not easily provoked are more likely to be bullied. C. Children who blend in to a crowd are more likely to be bullied. D. Children who tell adults about bad behavior are more likely to be bullied.

Which statement about Sternberg's triangular theory of love is incorrect?

*A. Different aspects of love are hierarchical. For example, companionate love is much better and longer lasting than consummate love.* B. Different aspects of love might be more prevalent at different life stages. C. Healthy relationships will have all three components of love: intimacy, passion, and commitment. D. Seven types of love can be described from the three components of love.

Which type of persuasion involves logic-driven arguments using data and facts to convince people of an argument's worthiness?

*A. central route* B. cognitive dissonance C. foot-in-the-door D. peripheral route

The ________ rhythm is the biological rhythm that occurs over approximately 24 hours.

*A. circadian* B. homeostatic C. meta D. pineal

Ashley and Mikhail share their intimate thoughts and emotions, are physically attracted to each other, and agree to support each other. Their love is called ________.

*A. consummate* B. fatuous C. infatuation D. romantic

In what stage of sleep do sleep spindles appear?

A. 1 *B. 2* C. 3 D. 4

Obstructive sleep apnea occurs when ________.

A. A disruption in signals that regulate breathing, which are sent from the brain, cause periods of interrupted breathing. B. An individual dreams she cannot breathe and wakes up in a panic. *C. An individual's airway becomes blocked during sleep.* D. Signals sent from the brain that regulate breathing are blocked in the hypothalamus.

Which of the following is an example of actor-observer bias?

A. Akbar believes he is unable to stop gambling because he has an addictive personality, yet Tim is unable to stop gambling because he is addicted to gambling. B. Akbar believes gambling is bad, but he continues to gamble anyway. *C. Akbar believes he is unable to stop gambling because his friends all gamble and are a bad influence, yet Tim is unable to stop gambling because he is addicted to gambling.* D. Akbar avoids gambling, but he observes Barnaby gambling and tries to stop him.

Who was the social psychology professor at Yale who designed an obedience study in order to test the defense of "I was just following orders" typically used by accused Nazis?

A. Asch *B. Milgram* C. Phillips D. Zimbardo

Who conducted the Stanford prison experiment?

A. Asch B. Milgram C. Rosenthal *D. Zimbardo*

Which of the following best exemplifies prosocial behavior?

A. Avery forgets to call his grandmother on Mother's Day. B. Jason is blackmailed by Brianna. C. Mateo's mother provides child support to Mateo's father because of a court order. *D. Tyler visits his aunt once a week to bring her groceries.*

Which theorist described dreams as having manifest and latent content?

A. Carl Jung B. John Hobson C. Rosalind Cartwright *D. Sigmund Freud*

________ holds that our behavior is determined by internal factors.

A. Collectivism *B. Dispositionism* C. Moralism D. Situationism

What is a major problem with the original Milgram study?

A. Milgram falsified his results, making his study unreliable. *B. Milgram lied to his respondents, making his study borderline unethical.* C. Milgram never published his finding, making his reported results questionable. D. Milgram was too truthful with his subjects, making his study invalid.

What is the main point of the quizmaster study?

A. People will overlook obvious dispositional influences on their behavior. B. People will attack other people by claiming situational influences are making them behave badly. C. People will defend themselves by claiming situational influences changed their behavior. *D. People will overlook obvious situational influences on behavior.*

Which statement about social psychology is most accurate?

A. People's thoughts are influenced by biology while their feelings and behaviors are influenced by social situations B. People's thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by social psychology *C. People's thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by social situations* D. People's thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by their biology

What should be changed to make the following sentence true? Social exchange is people's desire to help others even if the costs outweigh the benefits.

A. The phrase "costs outweigh the benefits" should be replaced by the phrase "benefits outweigh the costs." B. The phrase "help others" should be replaced by the phrase "hurt others." C. The phrase "people's desire" should be replaced by the word "motivation." *D. The phrase "social exchange" should be replaced by the word "altruism."*

Physical dependence on a drug is indicated by the user experiencing ________ as a result of discontinuing use of the drug.

A. a return to normal performance levels *B. changes in normal bodily function* C. psychological distress D. psychological stress

Mona works at a bank. When Luis, a Colombian man, arrives to drop off his paycheck she pretends to be busy and directs him to another teller. She does this whenever a non-White person wants assistance. This is an example of ________.

A. aggression *B. discrimination* C. prejudice D. stereotype

What is groupthink?

A. arguments between group members that result in the dissolution of the group B. modification of the opinions of leadership to agree with the numerical minority *C. modification of the opinions of members of a group to align with what they believe is the group consensus* D. pressure from above on group members designed to eliminate leadership

Which type of persuasion involves encouraging a person to agree to a small favor or to buy a small item, only to later request a larger favor or purchase of a larger item?

A. central cognitive *B. foot-in-the-door* C. head-in-the-sand D. peripheral route

Which psychological perspective might advance the argument that our sleep patterns evolved as an adaptive response to predatory risks, which are higher during periods of darkness?

A. cognitive behavioral B. dependent *C. evolutionary* D. Freudian

Fatima generalizes that all men are irresponsible players, cheaters, and liars. When it comes to men, Fatima may be applying ________: negative beliefs about individuals based solely on their membership in a group.

A. cognitive dissonance B. diffusion of responsibility C. social exchange *D. stereotypes*

Which type of persuasion involves an indirect route that relies on association of peripheral cues to associate positivity with a message?

A. cognitive route B. foot-in-the-door C. head-in-the-sand *D. peripheral route*

People view the Environmental Protection Agency as competent and believe they know correct information regarding what individuals should do to protect the environment, so they possess ________ social influence when it comes to enforcing a group norm of recycling.

A. collective B. confirmation *C. informational* D. normative

Mark and Rosa commit to support each other, but they have no real physical passion and do not share their thoughts and feelings. Their love is called ________.

A. companionate B. consummate *C. empty* D. romantic

Diane and Bruce share their intimate thoughts and emotions and are physically attracted to each other, but their love does not contain any expectations beyond that. Their love is called ________.

A. companionate B. empty C. liking *D. romantic*

Jasmin belongs to the chess club on her campus. She prefers to associate with other members of the chess club while avoiding people that do not belong to this group. Jasmin has a(n) ________ bias.

A. confirmation *B. in-group* C. out-group D. scapegoating

Ali is aware of his feelings, emotions, and thoughts. He is also aware of his surroundings, the warmth of the sun, and the sound of nearby traffic. Ali is in a state of ________.

A. conscience *B. consciousness* C. REM sleep D. unconsciousness

Seeing the light from the sun, feeling the warmth of a room, and hearing the voice of a friend are all examples of ________ stimuli.

A. conscious B. epidermal *C. external* D. peripheral

Roger and Joan have passion in their relationship, and they agree they will support each other. But when it comes to sharing their thoughts, they lack intimacy. Their love is called ________.

A. consummate B. empty *C. fatuous* D. infatuation

Which of the following is a symptom of REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD)?

A. crying while asleep *B. kicking and punching while asleep* C. snoring while asleep D. talking while asleep

The ________ hypothesis is the ideology common in the United States that people get the outcomes they deserve.

A. dogma B. just-deserts *C. just-world* D. karma

Hamid is a 9-1-1 operator. When the blizzard began, he was told he would have to stay and work three extra shifts to cover for coworkers who were not able to drive to work through the storm. After 32 hours of exhausting work, he makes it home and discovers he is unable to fall asleep no matter how hard he tries. Hamid may be experiencing ________.

A. electroencephalography B. K-complex stimulation C. lucid dreaming *D. sleep rebound*

Nancy is aware that she is dreaming when she has a nightmare, so she concentrates and changes her dream from bad to good. This is a good example of ________ dreaming.

A. external B. internal *C. lucid* D. stage 1

Mona lives in North Carolina. She takes an overnight flight to California to visit with family for a month; when she arrives she is fatigued, sluggish, and irritable. For the next week or so she has trouble sleeping. Mona is probably suffering from ________.

A. external circadian *B. jet lag* C. night terrors D. parasomnia

The sleep debt is the result of ________.

A. high levels of sensory awareness, thought, and behavior *B. insufficient sleep on a chronic basis* C. the circadian rhythm D. travel from one time zone to another

________ refers to prejudice and discrimination against individuals based solely on their same-sex orientation.

A. homophilia *B. homophobia* C. misogyny D. sexism

Anna thinks that Bill is rude to her because she had to seat him in a noisy, crowded area of the restaurant. Anna takes a ________ view of Bill.

A. influist B. conditionist C. sexist *D. situationist*

________ involves a virtual reality model of the world.

A. lucid dreaming B. manifest content *C. protoconsciousness* D. stage 1 sleep

What is a social role?

A.group's expectations regarding what is appropriate and acceptable for the thoughts and behavior of its members B.group's knowledge about the sequence of events in a specific setting C. person's knowledge about the sequence of events in a specific setting *D. socially defined pattern of behavior that is expected of a person in a given setting or group*

The hidden meaning of a dream is called the ________ content.

A. alpha B. Freudian *C. latent* D. manifest

Tom believes he is unable to stop gambling because his friends all gamble and are a bad influence; however, he believes that Barnaby is unable to stop gambling because Barnaby is addicted to gambling. This is an example of ________.

A. actor bias *B. actor-observer bias* C. cognitive dissonance D. dissonant cognition

Travis is part of a group playing tug-of-war. He knows that his team is stronger, so he doesn't try as hard as he could. Travis is engaged in ________.

A. aggression B. altruism C. diffusion of responsibility *D. social loafing*

Suppose you hate reality shows, but you pretend to like them in order to fit in, feel good, and be accepted by your friends, who all love reality television. This is an example of ________ social influence.

A. group B. informational C. majority *D. normative*

What is modification of the opinions of members of a group to align with what they believe is the group consensus?

A. group patterns *B. groupthink* C. inter-group bias D. pattern bias

Sleepwalking is also referred to as ________.

A. hypersomnia B. night terror C. restless leg syndrome *D. somnambulism*

Dale thinks that women shouldn't work outside the home and vows never to hire a woman at his bank. Dale's attitudes and planned course of action are ________.

A. racist *B. sexist* C. typical D. xenophobic

If a person says that actors make effective spokespeople for potato chips because they are above average in attractiveness, which approach is that person using to explain attitude change?

A. Asch attitude change B. Stanford attitude change *C. Yale attitude change* D. Zimbardo attitude change

The ________ is demonstrated by the attack on Kitty Genovese.

A. Asch effect *B. bystander effect* C. difference between bullying and cyberbullying D. social exchange theory

Which theorist suggested that dreaming may represent a state of protoconsciousness?

A. Carl Jung *B. John Hobson* C. Rosalind Cartwright D. Sigmund Freud

What should be changed to make the following sentence true? Hostile aggression is motivated by achieving a goal and does not necessarily involve intent to cause pain.

A. The word "aggression" should be changed to the word "attitude." B. The word "goal" should be changed to the word "norm." C. The word "hostile" should be changed to the word "influential." *D. The word "hostile" should be changed to the word "instrumental."*

Which researcher believed that dreams simply reflect life events that are important to the dreamer?

A. Carl Jung B. John Hobson *C. Rosalind Cartwright* D. Sigmund Freud

Isla is describing her dream to a friend. She explains that in her dream she being chased by zombies and she escaped them by hiding in a refrigerator. Her description of her dream is focused on ________ content.

A. Freudian B. Jungian C. latent *D. manifest*

Samek was driving to work when he suddenly felt paralyzed and couldn't resist falling asleep. Samek may have ________.

A. a stroke B. damage to his K-complex *C. narcolepsy* D. REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) *E. emotions and attitudes, the self, and social cognition* F. ethnographies, case studies, archives, and statistics G. prejudice and discrimination, helping behavior, aggression, and group processes H. society and social interaction, families, ecology, and religion

Suppose you are walking down a street. A woman has fallen down, but because there are so many people around it does not occur to you that you should help. You just assume someone else is about to help her and keep walking. This is an example of ________.

A. aggression B. cognitive dissonance *C. diffusion of responsibility* D. prosocial behavior

Uncomfortable sensations in the leg during periods of inactivity are a symptom of ________ leg syndrome.

A. agitated B. nervous C. REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) *D. restless*

________ is the strengthening of an original group attitude after the discussion of views within a group.

A. cognitive dissonance *B. group polarization* C. the Asch effect D. the Milgram influence

In California, undocumented migrants are often blamed for high unemployment in the state, although statistics show that high unemployment is not related to the number of illegal migrants. In this example, illegal migrants are victims of ________: the act of blaming an out-group when the in-group experiences frustration or is blocked from obtaining a goal.

A. confirmation bias B. discrimination C. in-group bias *D. scapegoating*

Following an outcome, ________ are those attributions that enable us to see ourselves in favorable light.

A. egocentric bias B. fundamental bias C. interpersonal bias *D. self-serving bias*

Feeling pain, hunger, thirst, sleepiness, and being aware of our thoughts and emotions are all examples of ________ stimuli.

A. external B. hypnotic *C. internal* D. psychoactive

Victoria has accumulated a large sleep debt. This means that she ________.

A. falls asleep in the middle of the day B. sleeps more than 12 hours in a 24-hour period *C. suffers from chronic sleep deprivation* D. suffers from insomnia due to large amounts of debt

A(n) ________ is the evaluation of or feelings toward a person, idea, or object that are typically positive or negative.

*A. attitude* B. cognition C. feeling D. sense

Most people are awake during the day and asleep at night because their ________ cycles are aligned with the outside world.

*A. circadian* B. external C. melatonin D. rhythm

Individuals undergoing hypnosis ________.

A. can be coerced into harming themselves and others by a skilled hypnotist B. report no memory of the events that occurred during the period they were hypnotized C. usually do not have clear memories of the hypnotic experience and are not in control of their own behaviors *D. usually have clear memories of the hypnotic experience and are in control of their own behaviors*

Which state is marked by relatively low levels of physical activity and reduced sensory awareness that is distinct from periods of rest while awake?

A. circadian rhythm B. consciousness C. jet lag *D. sleep*

When Brady is hot he sweats. When Brady is cold, he gets goose bumps on his skin so he will warm up more quickly. This is an example of how the body tries to achieve ________.

A. circadian rhythms B. heterostasis *C. homeostasis* D. internal-external stimulus

Which type of social influence involves conformity to a group norm prompted by the belief that the group is competent and has the correct information?

A. cognitive *B. informational* C. normative D. rational

David attempts to minimize the costs of his relationship with Daniel while maximizing benefits. He enjoys Daniel's company, but he tries to avoid helping him move. This is an example of the ________ theory.

A. cognitive balance B. group effect C. individual exchange *D. social exchange*

Nicole wants a cookie. Heather has a cookie. Nicole pushes Heather and takes her cookie. Nicole doesn't intend to hurt Heather, Nicole just wants the cookie. This is an example of ________.

A. fatuous aggression B. frustration aggression C. hostile aggression *D. instrumental aggression*

Which of the following is an example of a self-serving bias?

*A. Leonard attributes earning a good grade in his psychology class to the fact that he is an exceptionally hard working student who is also incredibly smart. He blames the poor grade he received in his sociology class on having a bad teacher who gave hard exams.* B. Leonard gets a bad grade in his psychology class and a good grade in his sociology class, so he believes he should study harder to prepare for his next psychology exam. C. Leonard gets bad grades in sociology and psychology, so he switches his major to biology because he will like it more. D. Leonard gets good grades in sociology and psychology, so he sends his professors a card thanking them for what good professors they are.

What should be changed to make the following sentence true? Asch conducted his prison experiment to demonstrate that social roles have a great deal of influence on individual behavior.

*A. The word "Asch" should be replaced by "Zimbardo."* B. The word "individual" should be replaced by "group." C. The word "prison" should be replaced by "conformity." D. The word "social" should be replaced by "anti-social."

Billie is a(n) ________ because he believes people over age 65 should have their driver's license suspended, the elderly use up important social resources, and they occupy jobs that should belong to younger, more capable people.

*A. ageist* B. heterosexist C. racist D. sexist

Which of the following is the best example of peripheral route persuasion?

*A. anti-smoking advertisements that rely on celebrity spokespeople advocating for reduction in cigarette use* B. anti-smoking advertisements that use charts and graphs to show how many people die from smoking-related causes each year C. encouraging your parents to quit smoking by switching to chewing tobacco, then convincing them to chew less tobacco each week D. supporting your sister who has decided to go cold turkey in order to quit smoking

The sleep cycle is an example of a(n) ________ rhythm.

*A. circadian* B. external C. protoconscious D. stimulus

What is the major flaw in the Asch conformity study?

A. Asch ignored the importance of a major factor influencing conformity—the presence of another dissenter. B. Asch ignored the importance of a major factor influencing conformity—the size of the group. C. Asch ignored the importance of a major factor influencing conformity—whether the response was public or private. *D. Asch ignored the importance of several factors influencing conformity—including race, class, and gender.*

Which statement about groupthink is correct?

A. Group members modify their opinion to go against what they believe is the group consensus. *B. Group members modify their opinions to match what they believe is the group consensus.* C. Group members will never agree if there is a minority influence present. D. Group members will use brainstorming to discover the solution that most group members agree on.

Sleep apnea is defined by ________.

A. a sense of panic in the sufferer often accompanied by screams and attempts to escape *B. episodes during which a sleeper's breathing stops* C. uncomfortable sensations in the legs during periods of inactivity or when trying to fall asleep D. unwanted, disruptive motor activity and/or experiences during sleep

Don knows that drinking too much liquor is a costly habit that is bad for his health, but he continues to drink large amounts of liquor. He also thinks he is a smart person that makes good choices. Don feels some psychological discomfort from this contradiction, which is also called ________.

A. aggressive discord *B. cognitive dissonance* C. perceptive deception D. peripheral dissension

The Milgram experiment required the participation of a(n) ________ to play the part of the person being shocked because the experiment would be invalidated if the participant realized the electric shock treatment was faked.

A. ally B. associate *C. confederate* D. union

When it comes to relationships, we expect to share thoughts, feelings, and ideas in a mutual exchange called ________.

A. altruism B. balance C. intimacy *D. reciprocity*

Which of the following is an example of wakefulness?

*A. Jemma, competing in a marathon* B. Mercy, unconscious after being hit on the head C. Petro, immediately before entering REM sleep D. Samuel, sleepwalking in the middle of the night

According to the frustration aggression theory, which of the following is likely to occur when Simon gets frustrated with his toilet training?

*A. Simon bites his mother* B. Simon goes to sleep C. Simon retreats to a corner and mopes D. Simon's mother gets frustrated with Simon

The ________ wave is characteristic of stage 1 sleep.

*A. alpha* B. beta C. delta D. kappa

Which of the following is the best example of central route persuasion?

A. anti-smoking advertisements that rely on celebrity spokespeople advocating for reduction in cigarette use *B. anti-smoking advertisements that use charts and graphs to show how many people die from smoking-related causes each year* C. encouraging your parents to quit smoking by switching to chewing tobacco, then convincing them to chew less tobacco each week D. supporting your sister who has decided to go cold turkey in order to quit smoking

Alcohol is considered a ________ because it tends to suppress central nervous system activity.

A. antipsychotic *B. depressant* C. hallucinogen D. stimulant

NREM sleep is a period of sleep ________.

A. associated with lucid dreaming *B. outside periods of REM sleep* C. that always occurs immediately after REM sleep D. that overlaps REM sleep

Who was Stanley Milgram?

A. social psychology professor at Yale who designed a mock prison to test the power of social roles B. social psychology professor at Yale who designed an experiment to test what would happen to the lone dissenter in a group C. social psychology professor at Yale who tested the hypothesis that brainstorming was less productive than the individual creative process *D. social psychology professor at Yale who wanted to test the defense of "I was just following orders" typically used by accused Nazis*

Regular feelings of hunger are an example of a(n) ________ rhythm.

A. axon *B. biological* C. heterostatic D. suprachiasmatic

Behavior is a product of both the situation and the person. Which of the following is an example of a situation that might influence behavior?

*A. being in a crowd of bystanders when you witness someone fainting* B. being raised Jewish C. being raised to think that stealing is morally wrong D. hitting someone in the dark

Cataplexy is a symptom associated with ________.

A. insomnia *B. narcolepsy* C. night terrors D. restless leg syndrome

Fantasia believes that people with blue eyes are somehow more creative than other people. Whenever Fantasia encounters a person that has blue eyes and is creative, she places greater importance on this evidence supporting her already existing belief. At the same time, Fantasia ignores any evidence that people without blue eyes might display exceptional creativity. This is called a ________.

*A. confirmation bias* B. confirmation preconception C. confirmation preference D. confirmation prejudice

After Omar falls asleep he feels a sense of panic, screams, and attempts to escape from his room. Which parasomnia does Omar have?

*A. night terrors* B. REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) C. restless leg syndrome D. sleep apnea

When it comes to social psychology, a script is a ________.

*A. person's knowledge about the sequence of events in a specific setting* B. prescription for psychotropic medicine C. set of instructions to be carried out D. written record of a person's history

What is the main point of the Stanford prison experiment?

*A. social roles are powerful determinants of human behavior* B. students cannot be relied upon to act appropriately C. students cannot be trusted in roles of authority D. Zimbardo was an unethical researcher

Janeka does poorly on her psychology final, so she picks on her mother's ability to cook. A frustration aggression theorist might explain this by focusing on ________.

*A. the way Janeka's frustration with her exam led her to be aggressive toward her mother* B. the way Janeka's frustration with her mother led her to do poorly on her exam C. which situational factors led Janeka to do poorly on her exam D. which dispositional factors led Janeka to do poorly on her exam

What is the main point of the textbook discussion of Milgram's obedience study?

A. Groups will obey authority to the point of potentially causing serious harm to another person. *B. Individuals will obey authority to the point of potentially causing serious harm to another person.* C. Milgram was unethical. D. The Milgram study could never be repeated again because too many people know about it.

In a ________ dream, people become aware that they are dreaming and can control the dream's content.

A. K-complex *B. lucid* C. REM D. theta wave

What was the major flaw in the Stanford prison experiment?

A. The respondents wanted to leave, but Zimbardo would not let them. B. The students were not randomly assigned. C. The study went on too long. *D. Zimbardo did not use a control group.*

Which statement about Sternberg's triangular theory of love is most accurate?

A. There are five types of love that can be described from the three components of love. *B. There are three components of love: intimacy, passion, and commitment.* C. There are three components of love: romance, fatuous, and infatuation. D. There are three types of love that can be described from the three components of love.

Social psychology is a field that studies both interpersonal and intrapersonal behavior. Which of the following is an example of interpersonal behavior?

A. attitudes B. emotions *C. group processes* D. social cognition

Which of the following strategies would effectively prevent groupthink from occurring?

A. avoiding the development of any contingency plans B. having the group leader make his position known before discussion begins *C. seeking outside opinions on group decisions* D. voting publicly in front of group members E. assigning one group to supervise the other group in completing an assigned task *F. having groups meet under equal terms and cooperate on a task* G. having highly educated members of one group teach the children of the other group H. keeping intergroup contact to a minimum

Marlowe wakes up from a dream about his teeth falling out. He looks in a dream dictionary and finds losing teeth is usually dream symbolism for anxiety. Marlowe is focused on the ________ content.

A. biological B. circadian *C. latent* D. manifest

A theta wave is a type of ________.

A. brain wave associated with critical thinking B. brain wave associated with sleep spindles C. low frequency, high amplitude brain wave *D. low frequency, low amplitude brain wave*

Kara gets an F on her social psychology exam. Then she goes home and gets into an argument with her roommate, Lee. Lee assumes Kara is yelling at him because she likes to bully him, not because she had a bad day. Lee is making a ________.

A. central attitude shift B. central attribution error C. fundamental attitude shift *D. fundamental attribution error*

Bev likes to be up late at night and sleep in; Caleb likes to wake up with the sun and go to bed early. A psychologist would say they have different ________.

A. chromotropes B. chronologies *C. chronotypes* D. chromatins

Which of the following best defines the Asch effect?

A. influence of one person on a large group B. influence of one person on the creation of a group goal *C. influence of the group majority on an individual's judgment* D. influence of the group minority on individual judgment

________ is one of a group of sleep disorders in which unwanted, disruptive motor activity and/or experiences during sleep play a role.

A. insomnia B. NREM phase *C. parasomnia* D. REM phase

What hormone does the pineal gland release?

A. insulin *B. melatonin* C. estrogen D. testosterone

Sleepwalking, night terrors, and restless leg syndrome are all examples of________.

A. lucid dreaming *B. parasomnias* C. protoconsciousness D. somnambulism

Tayla smokes marijuana. At first, just a few inhalations were enough to cloud her mind. Over time, she needs to smoke more and more to achieve the same affect. This is an example of ________.

A. physical dependence B. psychological dependence *C. tolerance* D. withdrawal

Penny gets an acting job on Friday that she attributes to her good acting. She doesn't get the next acting job; therefore, she blames the casting director for not wanting to hire a woman. This is an example of ________.

A. racism B. self-fulfilling prophecy *C. self-serving bias* D. social loafing

Which of the following strategies would effectively reduce racism?

A. teaching children to avoid situations that might lead them to witness racism B. teaching children to conform to social expectations that discourage racism in public but ignore racism as long as it is privately expressed C. teaching children to ignore racism until we have eliminated racism from our society *D. teaching children to think independently and challenge social norms that promote racism* E. Most people are dissatisfied if their social exchanges create more costs than benefits. *F. People are dissatisfied if their social exchanges create more costs than benefits unless the relationship is an example of consummate love.* G. People are motivated to maximize the benefits of social exchanges, or relationships, and minimize the costs. H. People prefer to have more benefits than costs or to have nearly equal costs and benefits.

Which of the following is an example of the self-fulfilling prophecy?

A. telling blue-eyed people they are unattractive, then feeling bad and complimenting people with blue eyes to avoid feeling guilty B. telling people you hate boy bands, then taking your child to a boy band fan club meeting *C. telling someone with dyslexia she cannot learn to read, leading her to become illiterate even though she could learn to read with a bit of extra effort* D. telling your spouse you hate his cooking, then taking over the cooking yourself to avoid food poisoning