Psychology Chapter 1

How does a clinical or counseling track of graduate psychology school differ from non-clinical areas in psychology? a. Clinical tracks generally take less time. b. Clinicians must also get a medical degree. c. Clinicians get a doctorate degree; other areas get master's degrees. d. Clinicians must go through an internship and supervised training process.

d. Clinicians must go through an internship and supervised training process.

A cognitive psychologist is studying how short-term memory works. How might a biological psychologist be able to contribute to this research project? a. By describing how the brain processes information in short-term memory b. By developing a theory based on individual differences c. By integrating information based on memory disorders d. By integrating evolutionary constraints on behavior

a. By describing how the brain processes information in short-term memory

Cognitive neuroscientists study brain and behavior, combining which two perspectives on psychology? a. Cognitive and biological b. Cognitive and social c. Biological and neuroscientific d. Social and biological

a. Cognitive and biological

The approach to psychology that focuses on the purpose of behavior is known as a. Functionalism. b. Structuralism c. cognitive psychology. d. Gestalt psychology

a. Functionalism

The psychological model and the physical model are two views of psychological disorders. What is the best description of how these models are used in current practice? a. Most modern psychologists consider both models, depending on the context. b. Most modern psychologists prefer the psychological model. c. Most modern psychologists prefer the medical model. d. Both models have been replaced

a. Most modern psychologists consider both models, depending on the context.

An empiricist philosopher who believed the mind was a "blank slate" would most likely believe what about mental illnesses? a. That they were the result of negative experiences during childhood b. That they were due to genetics c. That they could be cured by psychotherapy d. That they were the result of both genetics and experience

a. That they were the result of negative experiences during childhood

The defining feature of behaviorism in psychology is a. a focus on observable behavior, rather than internal mental states. b. tying behavior to brain function. c. using therapy to change behavior. d. Pavlovian conditioning.

a. a focus on observable behavior, rather than internal mental states.

In understanding the history of psychology, functionalism is critically important because a. all contemporary psychologists are functionalists b. opposition to functionalism led to the development of structuralism. c. opposition to functionalism led to the development of Gestalt psychology d. functionalism was the first school of psychology.

a. all contemporary psychologists are functionalists

The psychology perspective focusing on the physical mechanisms underlying behavior is a. biological psychology. b. cognitive psychology. c. social psychology. d. Freudian psychology.

a. biological psychology.

Most behaviorists performed research on animals but not humans. This is because a. evolutionary theory suggests parallels between human and animal behavior. b. it would be unethical to perform behavioral studies on humans. c. animal brain structures are mostly similar to human brain structures. d. they believed uniquely human aspects of cognition could not be studied.

a. evolutionary theory suggests parallels between human and animal behavior.

Your friend is entering a doctoral program in psychology. One of her first steps will likely be to a. identify one of the five psychological perspectives to focus on. b. do an internship. c. write a thesis. d. run a research study.

a. identify one of the five psychological perspectives to focus on.

Humanistic psychology is a school of thought in which a. people are viewed as inherently good. b. human behavior is seen on a continuum with animal behavior. c. Freud laid down the critical principles. d. structuralism is more important than functionalism.

a. people are viewed as inherently good.

How do behaviorism and cognitive psychology differ? a. Behaviorism studies internal mental states; cognitive psychology does not. b. Cognitive psychology studies and theorizes on internal mental states; behaviorism does not. c. Cognitive psychology focuses on brain structures; behaviorism does not. d. Behaviorism focuses on brain structures; cognitive psychology does not.

b. Cognitive psychology studies and theorizes on internal mental states; behaviorism does not.

Skinner studied the behavior of rats and pigeons, and did not speculate or theorize about internal mental states. He disregarded mental states because a. he did not believe they existed. b. He did not believe mental states could be objectively studied. c. rats and pigeons do not have human-like internal mental states. d. he did not believe that the technology of his time was precise enough to study internal mental states.

b. He did not believe mental states could be objectively studied.

Which of the following research topics would a developmental psychologist most likely be interested in? a. How people respond to a memory task when in a group versus as an individual b. How infants and young adults perform on a memory task c. How personality differences influence puzzle solving ability d. How animals can learn to solve mazes

b. How infants and young adults perform on a memory task

Which of the following is a cognitive psychologist most likely to study? a. How brain damage affects memory b. How quickly people can learn a sequence of numbers and respond to them c. How people respond to social pressure d. The evolutionary purpose of problem-solving

b. How quickly people can learn a sequence of numbers and respond to them

Psychology developed from which two disciplines? a. Philosophy and neuroscience b. Philosophy and natural sciences c. Biology and neuroscience d. Philosophy and behaviorism

b. Philosophy and natural sciences

Which of the following is the best example of a researcher combining different psychological perspectives? a. A clinical psychologist uses client-centered therapy to treat an anxious patient. b. A cognitive psychologist tests memory for pictures based on a theory proposed by James. c. A social psychologist develops a theory of how peer pressure operates using behavioral and genetic data. d. An evolutionary psychologist develops a theory of how attention works based on principles of natural selection.

c. A social psychologist develops a theory of how peer pressure operates using behavioral and genetic data.

Your friend visits a therapist who encourages them to participate actively in their therapy sessions and focus on things that are going right in their lives. This therapist is most likely engaging in a. Freudian psychoanalysis. b. traditional Gestalt therapy. c. client-centered therapy. d. functionalist therapy.

c. client-centered therapy.

Wundt and Titchener viewed the mind as a hierarchy, with overall perception arising out of the combination of many other sensations. This view is known as a. philosophical psychology. b. physiological psychology. c. Gestalt psychology. d. structuralism

structuralism