Psychology Chapter 1
A behaviorist who insisted that psychology should be an objective experimental branch of natural science concerned only with observable behavior
John B Watson
-A behaviorist who studied how dogs and cats learn to escape from puzzle boxes
Edward Thorndike
T or F philosophy is a root of pscyhology
True
the perspective that psychologists should study only observable behavior and not subjective mental events
behaviorism
In Plato's cave allegory, a prisoner was temporarily unchained and allowed to see the fire at the mouth of the cave. When he returned to the chains, the other prisoners....
refused to believe him
the introspective analysis of the human mind by breaking it down into the simplest kinds of experience, and then asking how these simple experiences come together to produce more complex experiences
structuralism
an early psychologist who studied the development of children and pioneered the technique of desensitization for phobias
Mary Cover Jones
a behaviorist who rejected the study of any mental events and felt that the brain fell outside the field of psychology
B.F. Skinner
A renaissance philosopher who built a system of knowing about reality that does not rely on our fallible senses
Rene Descartes
The study of the nervous system is called
neuroscience
the study of the nervous system, which includes the brain and spinal cord and all of their connections to the body
neuroscience
a researcher presents his participant with a series of flashing lights at varying intervals. after each presentation of a light, he asks the participant to fully describe her internal experience, a method known as....
psychoanalysis
-the study of how physical events, such as lights and sounds, affect our senses -Weber & Fechner
psychophysics
a Russian physiologist who described classical conditioning, such as how ringing a bell before giving food to a dog would eventually result in the dog learning to salivate at just the end of the bell -classical conditioning
Ivan Pavlov
the process by which mutations that improve survival and reproduction accumulate in subsequent generations, changing a species over time
natural selection
social brain hypothesis
-each of us can deal effectively with social interactions with roughly 150 people -we are capable of maintaining social networks of up to 150 people throughout our lives
tabula rasa (John Locke)
-the idea that children are born with no knowledge or content whatsoever and are filled by life experiences -Blank Slate that is modeled by experience
-a german physiologist who established the first research laboratory in psychology in 1878 and wrote the first textbook -believed that psychology and biology were two different perspectives to study the same processes
Wilhelm Wundt
The year 1879 might be thought of as the beginning of psychology as a science because that is the year...
Wilhelm Wundt developed and opened the first psychology laboratory
-an American psychologist who emphasized the adaptive function of behaviors and mental processes to help survival and reproduction -emphasized functionalism and the brain as machine
William James
Empiricist philosophers
a group of british philosophers, including John Locke, who believed we are dependent on our unreliable senes to learn about the world
The first african american psychologist who went on to chair the psychology department at Howard University
Francis SUmner
A quarter in your hand casts a different image on your retina than a quarter taped to the wall across the room, yet you know that quarters have exactly the same dimensions. This phenomenon would be best explained by a...
Gestalt psychologist
How is natural selection related to psychology?
Humans behave as they do in part because that behavior promotes survival
A seventeenth century British empiricist philosopher who believed that the mind of a newborn baby is a tabula rasa that is molded by experience
John Locke
a pioneering african american psychologist who developed the clark doll test along with his wife, Mamie Phipps Clark
Kenneth Clark
when the us supreme court was deliberating on whether to require schools to integrate black children and white children, their decision to strike down laws permitting segregated schools was greatly influenced by the 'doll test' conducted by...
Kenneth Clark and Mamie Phipps Clark
-a psychologist who described the behavior of many animals, relating them to the human mind -recognition that humans are part of a continuum of species, and that our behavioral traits developed by natural selection
Margaret Floy Washburn
the first female president of american psychological association and a professor at Wellesley College. She completed the requirements for a doctorate at Harvard but was ever awarded the degree
Mary Whiton Calkins
which of the following approaches to psychology did Edward Titchener advocate in the late 1800s? -humanistic psychology -psychoanalysis -functionalism -structuralism
Structuralism
the study of internal mental processes in the machine at work and process information and gain knowledge
cognitive psychology
psychology
the mind and behavior
-The discoverer of evolution by natural selection who argued that all human behaviors must have had beginnings in earlier ancestors -Insisted that behaviors like physical traits, could evolve over time by natural selection -There is a continuum of behavior from animals to humans -writes about emotions
Charles Darwin
concerned with what went in and what behavior came out
black box
a broad school of thought in psychology that insisted that mental processes like consciousness must serve as practical, adaptive purpose
functionalism
which of the following perspectives argues that human behavior develops in certain ways because it serves as a useful purpose -psychoanalysis -cognitive psychology -behaviorism -functionalism
functionalism
a group of german psychologists who insisted that the entire perception we experience is more than just the sum of parts
gestalt psychologists
a mental disorder diagnosed until the 1930s, believed to be caused by a malfunctioning uterus
hysteria