Psychology Chapter 1 Quiz

Structuralism, functionalism, behaviorism, humanism

Select the correctly ordered list of psychological perspectives, with the earliest perspective listed first.

Archival research; surveys

Simplicity of conducting the study is to [blank] as ability to test large numbers is to [blank].

independent; dependent

A group of researchers investigated the effects of two vocabulary learning strategies on word retention two weeks later. In this example, learning strategy is the [blank] variable and word retention is the [blank] variable.

They could research peer-reviewed articles to see if either perspective is supported.

Lesley, a sociology major, believes that money is the key to happiness. Her friend Stephen, a psychology major, believes that good health is the key to happiness. How might the two friends resolve their disagreement?

Inductive reasoning describes the process where empirical observations lead to new ideas, whereas deductive reasoning describes the process of ideas being tested against the empirical world.

What are clear definitions of inductive and deductive reasoning?

When two variables are positively correlated they move in the same direction together: both either increasing or decreasing. When variable are negatively correlated they move in opposite directions: one increasing while the other is decreasing.

What is the difference between a positive correlation and a negative correlation?

Skepticism is expected at all levels of research, from study design, to interpreting findings, to peer review, and to thinking about results that are published in scientific journals.

What is the role of skepticism in scientific research?

Observation of phenomena.

The empirical method of study is based on [blank]

Unconditional positive regard, empathy, and genuineness

What three features are central to Carl Rogers client-centered therapy?

conscientiousness

When studying personality traits, someone who is hardworking, dependable, and organized will score higher on the [blank] trait.

Operational definition

A(n) [blank] is a description of how the researchers will measure the variables of interest.

theory

A(n) [blank] is a well-developed set of ideas that proposes an explanation for observed phenomena.

falsifiability

Dr. Guttierez is examining a research question and has posted a hypothesis, but his student points out, "Dr. G., the assumption that you have made cannot be disproven no matter what data we gather!" This research study suffers from a lack of [blank].

Proposing a hierarchy of human needs in motivating behavior

For which concept is Abraham Maslow best known?

independent

In an experiment, the variable that is controlled or manipulated by the researcher is called the [blank] variable.

another person's consciousness

Introspection refers to a process by which someone examines [blank] as objectively as possible.

placebo

The [blank] effect occurs when a person's expectations or beliefs influence or determine their experience in a given situation.

A tentative explanation

Which choice is an accurate definition of a hypothesis?

Forensic

Which kind of psychologist would be consulted in jury selection and witness preparation?

Scientific Theory

Which of the following choices refers to a broad explanation or group of explanations for some aspect of the natural world that is consistently supported by evidence over time?

Dr. Sarkeesian observes and records how watching cartoons influences heart rates.

Which of the following exemplifies the empirical method?

Abby tells her therapist that she tripped a small child who got in her way, and her therapist accepts this information without judgment.

Which of the following exemplifies the unconditional positive regard component of client-centered therapy?

Favoring women over men

Which of the following is NOT part of feminist psychology?

A dissertation

Which of the following is a common requirement of a PhD across different schools and/or countries?

The process was highly subjective.

Which of the following is a criticism of structuralism?

Experimental

Which of the following research designs will allow cause-and-effect conclusions?

Humanism

Which perspective within psychology that emphasizes the potential for good that is innate to all humans?

Attrition

[blank] is a reduction in the number of research participants as some drop out of the study over time.