Psychology Chapter 14

_________ is an unselfish concern for the welfare of others.​

Altruism

Sheetal is reluctant to go home for the Christmas holidays as she does not have a good relationship with her parents. The tension starts even before she arrives. Her _____ leaves her feeling miserable. ​

attitude

Enduring behavioral and cognitive tendencies that are learned and expressed by evaluating particular people, places, or things with favor or disfavor are known as __________.

attitudes

In__________terms, prejudice is connected with avoidance and aggression.

behavioral

According to Durlez and Stangor & Crandall, there is often social and economic__________between people of different races and religions.

conflict

People are said to__________when they change their behavior to adhere to social norms.

conform

In the early 1950s, a classic experiment on__________was conducted by Solomon Asch.

conformity

Peter and Kirsten share a warm relationship and count on each other for emotional support. According to Robert Sternberg's triangular model of love, this demonstrates__________.

intimacy

According to Perrett's 1994 study of people in England and Japan, both British and Japanese men consider women with__________to be most attractive.

large-eyes--high-cheekbones--and-narrow-jaw

Michael's boss tells him to report to work at 4:00 a.m. the next day. Michael is not happy about arriving at work at such an unusual hour, yet he does as told. In the context of social influence, his behavior is an example of:

obedience to authority.

In the context of the Milgram studies, despite the expressed American ideal of independence, we are _________ from early childhood to obey authority figures such as parents and teachers.​

socialized

Sunny and Clara went for a lunch date, but Sunny could only stammer and stutter throughout the meal because he was nervous. Clara was deeply disappointed. Several weeks later, she decided to give Sunny a second chance. The next meeting passed without mishap and it was almost as if the first awkward meeting had never happened. Clara was so happy that she rewarded Sunny with a kiss. In terms of social perception, Clara's behavior is due to:

the recency effect.

_____ assert that people's behavior is influenced by their values, by how they interpret situations, and by choice.​

​Cognitive psychologists

The _________ is the tendency to attribute our own behavior to situational factors but to attribute the behavior of others to dispositional factors.​

​actor-observer effect

__________is the issue of how well one can predict behavior on the basis of attitudes.

A-B-problem

According to Robert Sternberg's triangular model of love, which of the following is the ideal form of love?

Consummate love

Which of these factors does NOT contribute to aggressive behavior?

Empathy

Females are more likely than males to behave aggressively because males empathize with the victim.

False

The attraction-similarity hypothesis states that people with opposite natures find each other attractive.

False

From the__________, aggressive skills are mainly acquired by observation of other people acting aggressively.

From the social-cognitive perspective, aggressive skills are mainly acquired by observation of other people acting aggressively. See "Aggression" from chapter 14 for more information.

Which brain structure is associated with aggression in nonhumans?

Hypothalamus

Explain the gender differences in the selection of a romantic partner.

Men tend to place relatively greater emphasis on physical allure, cooking ability, even thrift. They tend to put more emphasis on physical appearance. Women tend to place greater emphasis on traits such as professional status, consideration, dependability, kindness, and fondness for children. Women tend to put more emphasis on personal factors.

Which of the following is a factor that contributes to attraction?

Reciprocity

Explain Robert Sternberg's triangular model of love in brief.

Robert Sternberg's triangular model of love has three main components. These are intimacy, passion, and commitment. The six smaller parts include liking, compassionate love, empathy love, fatuous love, infatuation, and romantic love. The ideal form of love is consummate love combines all three. Passion is crucial for short term relationships. Intimacy and commitment are more important in enduring relationships.

Which of the following is true of stereotyping?

Stereotyping may lead people to view members of groups in a biased fashion.

Which hormone is associated with the tendency to dominate and control others?

Testosterone

According to Bardem & Tormala (2014) and Bohner & Dickel (2011), what are the factors that affect the likelihood that people can predict behavior from attitudes?

The factors include: 1. Specificity 2. Strength of attitudes 3. Vested interest 4. Accessibility

What are the various sources of prejudice?

The various sources are: 1. Dissimilarity 2. Social conflict 3. Social learning 4. Information processing 5. Social categorization

Discrimination refers to behavior that results from prejudice.

True

Lack of social comparison was a factor contributing to why people complied in the Milgram studies.

True

People are more likely to act on their attitudes when they have a vested interest in the outcome.

True

Which of the following factors decreases the tendency to conform?

Valuing being right over being liked

Ever since Mark and Tracy met each other at a party thrown by a mutual friend, they have been fascinated with each other. They care about each other deeply, and realize that they want a special relationship with each other for the rest of their lives. According to Robert Sternberg's triangular model of love, their feelings are known as:

consummate love.

A landlord refuses to rent his vacant apartment to college students. He believes that students throw wild parties and destroy property. In the context of behavior, the landlord's refusal is an example of__________.

discrimination

Danny is reading a book in school. When he isn't looking, a girl steps on Danny's toe. The teacher, who observed this, believes the girl stepped on Danny's toe because she is malicious. In the context of social perception, the teacher is making a__________.

dispositional-attribution

Jessie and her mother argue about Jessie's choice of friends and dates. Her mother thinks Jessie is stubborn and resistant. Jessie thinks her mother is bossy and controlling. In this scenario, Jessie and her mother make__________about each other's behavior.

dispositional-attributions

On a(n) _________ level, prejudice is associated with negative feelings such as fear, dislike, or hatred.​

emotional

The feeling of__________encourages helping behavior and discourages aggression.

empathy

Shaina is about to give her first speech in class. She is nervous and hopes she doesn't forget her points in front of the whole class. The presence of the class is not likely to facilitate her performance due to:

evaluation apprehension.

Prejudices act as cognitive filters through which people view the social world. People tend to think of people as "familiar" or "foreign," or "good" or "bad." Their feelings and reactions toward others may be biased by these perceptions. This source of prejudice is referred to as__________.

information-processing

​Evan and Amy are physically attracted to each other and can't stand being apart. According to Robert Sternberg's triangular model of love, this demonstrates _________.

passion

The group effect called _________ is likely to lead the group to make more risky shifts in decision-making.​

polarization

The Pittsburgh Steelers are playing a game in their home stadium. The stadium is full of fans. They are likely to do their best because so many of the fans are cheering them on to victory. In the context of group behavior, this is the result of:

social facilitation.

Stanley Milgram studied the factors that contribute to _________.​

​obedience to authority

​Max has been in the army for almost two years. He has gone through boot camp, learned drill, and now follows commands without hesitation. He may also risk his life when ordered to take part in a dangerous mission. In the context of obedience to authority, the process of making Max compliant is an example of _____.

​the foot-in-the-door technique