Psychology; Chapter 4

How many of the five stages of sleep are considered NREM sleep?

four

The ________ content of a dream refers to the true meaning of the dream.

latent

A theta wave is a type of _______ frequency, ________ amplitude brain wave.

low; low

Samek was driving to work when he suddenly felt paralyzed and couldn't resist falling asleep. Samek may have ________.

narcolepsy

Growth hormone is secreted by the ________ while we sleep.

pituitary gland

What is the stage of sleep that occurs between wakefulness and sleep, the period during which we drift off to sleep?

1

In what stage of sleep do sleep spindles appear?

2

As we move into stage _______ sleep, the body goes into a state of deep relaxation. Theta waves still dominate the activity of the brain but they are interrupted by brief bursts of activity known as _______________.

2; sleep spindles

What stages of sleep are often referred to as deep sleep or slow-wave sleep? They are characterized by low frequency, high amplitude _________. During this time, an individual's heart rate and respiration slow dramatically.

3 and 4; delta waves

Stages ______ & __________ are described as slow-wave sleep.

3; 4

Stage 1 sleep is produced by what low frequency, high amplitude waves?

Alpha

_________ content is the actual content, or storyline, of a dream. ________ on the other hand, refers to the hidden meaning of a dream. What psychologist made the connection between these?

Manifest; latent; Freud

What is sleep that is subdivided into four stages distinguished from each other and from wakefulness characteristic patterns of brain waves?

NREM

Mohammed is sleeping. His eyelids are quivering because his eyes are darting around. Mohammed is probably experiencing ________ sleep.

REM

What type of sleep is characterized by darting movements of the eyes under closed eyelids?

REM

What is known as people who are deprived of REM sleep and then allowed to sleep without disturbance, will spend more time in REM sleep in effort to recoup the lost time in REM?

REM Rebound

NREM sleep is a period of sleep outside periods of ________.

REM sleep

What is the period in which dreaming occurs? Also associated with __________ of muscle systems in the body with the exception of those that make circulation and respiration possible.

REM; paralysis

What refers to the brain's control of switching between sleep and wakefulness as well as coordinating this cycle with the outside world?

Sleep Regulation

What parts of the brain control the sleep-wake cycles?

Thalamus, the hypothalamus, and the pons

What are even lower frequency, higher amplitude brain waves than alpha waves and also continues through stage 1 sleep?

Theta

The ________ wave is characteristic of stage 1 sleep

alpha

_______________, as described by ________, is a theoretical repository of information he believed to be shared by everyone. Meaning certain symbols in dreams reflected universal archetypes with meanings that are similar for all people regardless of culture or location.

collective unconscious; Carl Jung

Amphetamines can be used to treat ADHD in children because they ______________________ within certain areas of the brain associated with hyperactivity.

decrease neurotransmitter activity

Symptoms of ________ may be improved by REM deprivation.

depression

Seeing the light from the sun, feeling the warmth of a room, and hearing the voice of a friend are all examples of ________ stimuli.

external

The ________ plays a role in controlling slow wave sleep.

hypothalamus & thalamus

________ is a hormone secreted by the pineal gland that plays a role in regulating biological rhythms and immune function.

melatonin

Which disorder is.... • Horrible hallucinations • Occur during stage 4 sleep You appear to wake up screaming bloody murder

night terrors

REM sleep is often referred to as __________ sleep because of this combination of high brain activity and lack of muscle tone.

paradoxical

What is one of a group of sleep disorders in which unwanted, disruptive motor activity and/ or experiences during sleep play a role? Sleep walking, restless leg syndrome, and night terrors are all examples of this.

parasomnia

Hamid is a 9-1-1 operator. When the blizzard began, he was told he would have to stay and work three extra shifts to cover for coworkers who were not able to drive to work through the storm. After 32 hours of exhausting work, he makes it home and discovers he is unable to fall asleep no matter how hard he tries. Hamid may be experiencing ________.

sleep rebound

What refers to the fact that a sleep-deprived individual will tend to take longer falling asleep during subsequent opportunities for sleep?

sleep rebound

What is a rapid burst of higher frequency brain waves that may be important for learning and memory?

sleep spindles

________ appears to be especially important for enhanced performance on recently learned tasks.

slow-wave sleep

Sleep spindles and K-complexes are most often associated with ________ sleep.

stage 2

Cocaine is considered a ________ drug because it tends to increase overall levels of neural activity

stimulant