psychology chapter 4

Gary turned to his wife when he woke up and said, "You won't believe what I dreamed. I was being chased by men in suits; they were riding horses. They had long narrow briefcases, and they were trying to run me down!" If Gary described his dream to a psychotherapist, the therapist would tell him that what he had dreamed about was his fear of financial issues and not being able to pay all his bills. Which element in this scenario represents the latent content of the dream? A. gary's concern over monthly bills B. the therapist's plan to help Gary C. the horses D. the briefcases the men were carrying

A

Lily has been battling insomnia for a very long time. She recently began taking medication to help her sleep. After several weeks of taking the drug, she noticed that she no longer fits into most of her clothes. She realizes that she has put on ten pounds. Which of the following medications is she most likely taking? A. Ambien B. Prosom C. Tylenol D. Valium

A

Psychological research on sleep and memory has found that staying up all night to study for an exam is likely to A. decrease memory performance B. improve test scores C. increase long-term memory D. Increase memory performance

A

Which of the following statements is true of caffeine? A. It is derived from natural components of plants. B. It decreases central-nervous-system activity. C. It is a main psychoactive ingredient of smokeless tobacco. D. It is the most widely used type of depressant drug.

A

Which of the following statements is true of hypnosis? A. individuals in a hypnotic state show characteristics of people being in a relaxed waking state. B hypnosis produces a states of consciousness dissimilar to other states of consciousness C. Widespread areas of the cerebral cortex are disabled when individuals are in a hypnotic state D. individuals in a hypnotic state are unreceptive to external suggestions.

A.

According to ________, dreaming occurs when the cerebral cortex synthesizes neural signals generated from activity in the lower brain. A. circadian theory B the activation-synthesis theory C. the cognitive theory of dreaming D. Freud's psychoanalytic theory

B

Falling asleep all the sudden while talking to a friend is most likely an example of A. somnambulism B. insomnia C. somniloquy D. narcolepsy

B

Gloria can't get through the day without several cups of coffee and energy drinks. She says she needs the caffeine to function normally. What type of drug is Gloria dependent on? A. hallucinogen B. stimulant C. narcotic D. depressant

B

Identify the true statement about LSD ( lysergic acid diethylamide) A. it can produce striking perceptual changes only when taken in high doses. B. it induces images that are sometimes pleasureable and sometimes groteque C. It acts prodominantly on the neurotransmitter dopamine and has little effect on the serotonin levels D. it is the most powerful type of depressant

B

In a television reality show, Trevor, the host, puts one of his contestants in a trance and asks her to pretend to be a famous singer. The contestant starts singing with confidence even though she has never sung publicly before. The contestant is in a state of A. somniloquy. B hypnosis. C. meditation. D. somnambulism.

B

Kevin suffers from _____. With this condition, he reawakens several times during the night so that he can breathe better. A. somnambulism B. sleep apnea C. night terrors D. narcolepsy

B

Marijuana and LSD are considered to be A. depressants. B. hallucinogens. C. stimulants. D. barbiturates.

B

Sleeping would be considered an example of which of the following levels of awareness? A. no awareness B. subconscious awareness C. higher-level consciousness D. lower-level consciousness

B

Which of the following components are essential to the definition of consciousness? A. awareness and responsiveness B. awareness and arousal C. alertness and tolerance D. tolerance and arousal

B

Which of the following components are essential to the definition of consciousness? A. awareness and responsiveness B. awareness and arousal C. alertness and tolerance D. tolerance and arousal

B

Which of the following statements is true of the cognitive theory of dreaming? A. According to the theory, very unusual aspects of dreams—such as odd activities, strange images, and sudden scene shifts—cannot be understood. B. Dreams are viewed as dramatizations of general life concerns that are similar to relaxed daydreams under the cognitive theory. C. In cognitive theory, there is an essential search for the hidden, symbolic content of dreams. D. the theory rests on the idea that dreams are essentially conscious cognitive processing.

B

Your English professor gives you some advice on how to cure writer's block. She tells you to sit at your computer for 15 minutes and write whatever comes into your head. You don't censor yourself or worry about spelling or grammar. Instead you merely translate your thoughts into words. This technique will allow your _____ to flow. A.circadian rhythm B. stream of consciousness C. river of dreams D. level of awareness

B

________ are frightening dreams that awaken a dreamer from REM sleep. ________ involve sudden arousal from sleep and an intense physiological fear reaction (e.g., screaming, heavy breathing, and perspiration). A. Somnambulisms/Night terrors B. Nightmares/Night terrors C. Somnambulisms/Nightmares D. Night terrors/ Somnambulisms

B

identify the true statement about automatic processes. A. they need more conscious effort than controlled processes B. they are considered to be conscious behaviors C. they interfere with other ongoing activities D. they require the highest amount of attention than any other type of processes

B

which of the following statements about psychoactive drug use is FALSE? A. drug use among teens is associated with unplanned pregnancy, depression, and school related difficulties B. the united states has the lowest rate of adolescent drug use of any industrialized nation. C. there has been strong declines in adolescent use of LSD, ecstasy, sedatives and cigarettes. D. illicit drug use is a global problem.

B

which of the following statements is true of daydreaming? A. daydreaming lies between the subconscious awareness state and the altered states of consciousness B. Daydreaming most often occurs in the form of mind wandering C. daydreaming makes the mine completely idle and inactive. D. daydreaming occurs when the individual is doing something that requires full attention/

B

Helen, a call center employee working in day shift, has been asked to work a night shift on Tuesday. During her night shift, Hannah falls asleep at her desk around midnight. Which of the following can best explain her behavior? A. She is demonstrating incubation. B. She is experiencing an altered state of consciousness. C. Her biological clock has become desynchronized. D. Her metacognition level has significantly increased.

C

Jerry is in the process of getting a divorce and is having trouble at his job. Previously he had not had any sleep disorders but is bothered by one now. Lately he has experienced serious difficulty falling asleep and staying asleep. Which disorder has Jerry most likely developed? A. somnambulism B. narcolepsy C. insomnia D. somniloquy

C

Nolan and his wife were standing in the middle of the kitchen discussing vacation plans when he suddenly crashed to the floor in a deep REM sleep. Nolan may suffer from _____. A. sleep apnea B. night terrors C. narcolepsy D. insomnia

C

States of consciousness that require little attention and do not interfere with other ongoing activities are called A. subconscious processes. B. executive processes. C. automatic processes. D. controlled processes.

C

The ______ is a small brain structure that uses input form the retina to synchronize its own rhythm with the daily cycle of light and dark. A cerebellum B. corpus callosum C. suprachiasmatic nucleus D. prefrontal cortex

C

The divided- consciousness view of hypnosis holds that A. the hypnotized person behaves the way he or she believes that a hypnotized person should behave B. hypnosis involves the retention of a single state of cosciousness C. hypnosis involves a special state of consciousness in which consciousness is split into separate components D. hypnosis can block sensory input

C

The most widely used stimulants in the world are _____ and ______. A. marijuana/ cocaine B. marijuana/ valium C. caffeine/ nicotine D. alcoholl cocaine

C

What theory of dreaming proposes that dreaming involves information processing and memory? A. william james theory B. activation- sythesis theory of dreaming C. cognitive theory of dreaming D. sigmund frueds theory

C

Which of the following statements is true of meditation? A. Meditation is an altered state of consciousness or a psychological state of altered attention and expectation in which the individual is unusually receptive to suggestions. B. A meditative state is exactly similar to the hypnotic state. C. As a physiological state, meditation shows qualities of sleep and wakefulness, yet it is distinct from both. D. The meditator is ignorant of his or her thoughts and feelings and is, therefore, not consumed by them.

C

William James described the mind as A. an unconscious drive that satisfies primal biological urges B. a logical information- processing system with memory buffer, short-term, and long-term storage, and a complex mechanism for directing attention C. a stream of consciousness that consists of a continuous flows of changing sensations, images, thoughts, and feelings. D. a stable, slow, and predictable set of sensations.

C

________ is a state of being conscious of what is going on, whereas ________ is a physiological state of being engaged with the environment. A. Arousal/awareness B. Arousal/alertness C awareness/arousel D. alertness/arousel

C

Awareness and arousal are associated with different parts of the brain. Awareness involves the ________, whereas arousal is determined by the ________. A. corpus callosum/hippocampus B. hippocampus/corpus callosum C. amygdala/hippocampus D. prefrontal cortex/reticular activating system

D

Brett takes a drug that increases his feeling of euphoria. The drug also enhances his level of activity and pleasurable feelings. Which of the following drugs did he most likely take? A. barbiturate B. valium C. heroin D. amphetamine

D

Grandpa is napping in his recliner and snoring loudly. When he suddenly stops snoring, you look to see if he woke up, but he is still asleep and appears to not be breathing. For a moment you wonder if he's dead, but suddenly he snorts and resumes snoring. Grandpa is displaying signs of A. somnambulism B. insomnia C. narcolepsy D. sleep apnea

D

Nicotine raises ________ levels in the brain. A. GABA B. serotonin C. epinephrine D. dopamine

D

The brain's reward pathway is located in the A. hippocampus and hypothalamus. B. occipital lobe and temporal lobe. C. thalamus and limbic system. D. ventral tegmental area and nucleus accumbens.

D

Which of the following statements about the effectiveness of hypnosis is FALSE? A.Hypnosis is most effective when combined with psychotherapy B. psychology and medicine recognize hypnosis as a legitimate process C. Hypnosis is a commonly used technique for treating problems such as overeating, diabetes, and smoking D. research does not support the clain that hypnosis can reduce the experience of pain.

D

Which of the following statements is true of marijuana? A. Marijuana disrupts the membranes of neurons but does not affect the functioning of hormones B. repeated usage of marijuana can enhance attention and memory C. the active ingredient in marijuana is THC, which specifically affects serotonin. D. Marijuana can trigger increased sensiitivity to sounds, tastes, smells, and colors.

D

Which of the following statements is true of marijuana? A. Marijuana disrupts the membranes of neurons but does not affect the functioning of hormones. B. Repeated usage of marijuana can enhance attention and memory. C. The active ingredient in marijuana is THC, which specifically affects serotonin. D. Marijuana can trigger increased sensitivity to sounds, tastes, smells, and colors.

D

Why do psychoactive drugs make people feel good? A. they increase epinephrine in the brains reward pathways B. they decrease epinephrine in the brains reward pathways C. they decrease dopamine levels in the brains reward pathway D. they increase dopamine levels in the brains reward pathways

D

Your mother must always have an early morning cup of coffee. She usually has several more cups throughout the day. If she misses her daily doses of coffee, she gets a headache. The fact that your mother experiences headaches when she discontinues the use of caffeine is an example of A. psychological dependence. B. a hypnogogic reverie. C. a circadian rhythm anomaly. D. physical dependence.

D

________ involves attaining a peaceful state of mind in which thoughts are not occupied by worry. A. Stage 1 sleep B. Self-actualization C. Hypnosis D. Meditation

D

Blake smokes marijuana. When he first started using, he used to get high off one joint, but now he finds he needs to smoke more and more to get the same high. This is an example of A. dopamine dependence B. serotonin dependence C. withdrawal D. tolerance

D.

______ is a normal state in which the hypnotized person behaves the way he or she believes that a hypnotized person should behave. A. time line therapy B. interactive-phenomological perspective C. the divided-consciousness view of hypnosis D. the social cognitive behavior view of hypnosis

D.

What is the most widely used drug in the united states A. alcohol B. caffeine C. marijuana D. heroin

B

Identify the true statement about barbiturates. A. They improve memory retention. B. They are most effective in curing somnambulism and somniloquy. C. They are most often used in suicide attempts. D. they enhance decision making

C

Which category of drugs modify a person's perceptual experiences and produces visual images that are not real? A. stimulants B. narcotics C. depressants D. hallucinogens

D