Psychology Chapter 6

The low notes on a piano always produce ________ sound waves than the high notes. Question 6 options: a) longer b) lower-amplitude c) shorter d) higher-amplitude

a) longer

The size of the difference threshold is greater for heavier objects than for lighter ones. This best illustrates Question 2 options: a) Weber's law. b) subliminal stimulation. c) sensory adaptation. d) transduction.

a) Weber's law.

Although Manuel was sitting right next to his parents, he smelled a skunk minutes before they did. Apparently, Manuel has a lower ________ for skunk odor than his parents have. Question 3 options: a) absolute threshold b) tolerance level c) critical period d) sensory adaptation

a) absolute threshold

Receptor cells in the human eye that are the most sensitive to fine detail are called Question 7 options: a) cones. b) supercell clusters. c) feature detectors. d) rods.

a) cones.

Prolonged exposure to any sounds above 85 ________ can produce hearing loss. Question 20 options: a) decibels b) hertz c) amps d) ESPs

a) decibels

Weber's law is relevant to an understanding of Question 4 options: a) difference thresholds. b) absolute thresholds. c) subliminal persuasion. d) sensory adaptation.

a) difference thresholds.

The cochlea is a Question 15 options: a) fluid-filled tube in which sound waves trigger nerve impulses. b) fluid-filled tube that provides a sense of body movement. c) fluid-filled tube that provides a sense of upright body position. d) set of three tiny bones that amplify the vibrations of the eardrum.

a) fluid-filled tube in which sound waves trigger nerve impulses.

Sensory adaptation helps us to focus our attention on ________ stimuli. Question 3 options: a) novel b) subliminal c) intense d) familiar

a) novel

Psychics are unable to make millions of dollars betting on horse races. This undermines their claims to possess the power of Question 19 options: a) precognition. b) telepathy. c) clairvoyance. d) interposition.

a) precognition.

A 3-D movie enhances our sense of depth perception by exaggerating normal Question 16 options: a) retinal disparity. b) linear perspective. c) perceptual constancy. d) interposition.

a) retinal disparity.

The distance between our right and left eyes functions to provide us with a cue for depth perception known as Question 9 options: a) retinal disparity. b) interposition. c) linear perspective. d) proximity.

a) retinal disparity.

Multiple ________ send combined messages to a bipolar cell, whereas a single ________ may link directly to a single bipolar cell. Question 8 options: a) rods; cone b) supercell clusters; feature detector c) feature detectors; supercell cluster d) cones; rod

a) rods; cone

Kinesthesia refers to the Question 9 options: a) system for sensing the position and movement of tendons, joints, and muscles b) process by which stimulus energies are changed into neural signals. c) ringing-in-the-ears sensation that sometimes accompanies hearing loss. d) deactivation of pain receptors on the skin's surface.

a) system for sensing the position and movement of tendons, joints, and muscles

The local fire department sounds the 12 o'clock whistle. The process by which your ears transform the sound waves from the siren into neural impulses is an example of Question 2 options: a) transduction. b) signal detection. c) a threshold. d) sensory adaptation.

a) transduction.

The opponent-process theory is most useful for explaining a characteristic of Question 9 options: a) perceptual adaptation. b) afterimages. c) accommodation. d) retinal disparity.

b) afterimages.

Damage to the basilar membrane is most likely to affect one's Question 15 options: a) olfaction. b) audition. c) vestibular sense. d) sense of smell.

b) audition.

Grass seen through sunglasses appears equally as green as it does without glasses. This best illustrates Question 12 options: a) accommodation. b) color constancy. c) blindsight. d) sensory interaction.

b) color constancy.

Experiments with the visual cliff suggest that Question 1 options: a) infants experience no fear of heights. b) depth perception is partly innate. c) binocular cues are more important than monocular cues. d) unlike other animals, humans do not perceive depth until about 8 months of age.

b) depth perception is partly innate.

Which of the following types of cells are located in the brain's visual cortex? Question 7 options: a) bipolar cells b) feature detectors c) cataracts d) rods and cones

b) feature detectors

The central focal point in the retina where cones are heavily concentrated is known as the Question 6 options: a) cornea. b) fovea. c) lens. d) optic nerve.

b) fovea.

Railroad tracks appear to converge in the distance. This provides a cue for depth perception known as Question 10 options: a) proximity. b) linear perspective. c) continuity. d) interposition.

b) linear perspective.

Some stroke victims lose the capacity to perceive motion but retain the capacity to perceive shapes and colors. Others lose the capacity to perceive colors but retain the capacity to perceive movement and form. These peculiar visual disabilities best illustrate our normal capacity for Question 10 options: a) perceptual adaptation. b) parallel processing. c) feature detection. d) accommodation.

b) parallel processing.

After some practice, Carol was able to read books while holding them upside down. This best illustrates Question 14 options: a) interposition. b) perceptual adaptation. c) perceptual constancy. d) retinal disparity.

b) perceptual adaptation.

The fact that we recognize objects as having a consistent form regardless of changing viewing angles illustrates Question 12 options: a) interposition. b) perceptual constancy. c) closure. d) linear perspective.

b) perceptual constancy.

After the word "bread" was briefly flashed and then replaced by a masking stimulus, observers detected the related word "butter" much faster than the unrelated word "bubble." This best illustrates the impact of Question 10 options: a) Weber's law. b) priming. c) sensory adaptation. d) prosopagnosia.

b) priming.

The adjustable opening in the center of the eye is the Question 4 options: a) cornea. b) pupil. c) iris. d) fovea.

b) pupil.

The same stimulus pattern can trigger more than one perception. This is best illustrated by Question 15 options: a) transduction. b) reversible figure-ground relationships. c) retinal disparity. d) accommodation.

b) reversible figure-ground relationships.

Normal vision accompanied by prosopagnosia best illustrates the distinction between Question 1 options: a) absolute thresholds and difference thresholds. b) sensation and perception. c) sensory adaptation and perceptual set. d) subliminal sensation and subliminal persuasion.

b) sensation and perception.

If you move your watchband up your wrist an inch or so, you will feel it for only a few moments. This best illustrates Question 5 options: a) priming. b) sensory adaptation. c) a perceptual set. d) Weber's law.

b) sensory adaptation.

A door casts an increasingly trapezoidal image on our retinas as it opens, yet we still perceive it as rectangular. This illustrates Question 13 options: a) interposition. b) shape constancy. c) retinal disparity. d) linear perspective.

b) shape constancy.

Interpreting new sensory information within the framework of a past memory illustrates Question 1 options: a) a just noticeable difference. b) top-down processing. c) sensory adaptation. d) Weber's law.

b) top-down processing.

The process by which cells in the eye convert stimulus energy into neural signals is an example of Question 2 options: a) sensory adaptation. b) transduction. c) top-down processing. d) priming.

b) transduction.

Which of the following strategies best illustrates the use of subliminal stimulation? Question 11 options: a) A department store places flashing red lights near its sale merchandise. b) A church organist plays relaxing background music during a pastor's congregational prayer. c) A trim female figure is imperceptibly flashed on the TV screen during an ad for a weight-reduction clinic. d) A magazine ad pictures a pack of cigarettes with a beautiful mountain stream in the background.

c) A trim female figure is imperceptibly flashed on the TV screen during an ad for a weight-reduction clinic.

Holding a heavy rather than a light clipboard leads people to perceive job candidates as more important. This best illustrates Question 18 options: a) psychokinesis. b) the volley principle. c) embodied cognition. d) the McGurk effect.

c) embodied cognition.

The wavelength of light determines its Question 6 options: a) brightness. b) retinal disparity. c) hue. d) amplitude.

c) hue.

Dissociation has been used as an explanation for Question 16 options: a) the McGurk effect. b) synesthesia. c) hypnotic pain relief. d) stereophonic hearing.

c) hypnotic pain relief.

Pedro recognized that his son was closer to him than his daughter because his son partially blocked his view of his daughter. Pedro's perception was most clearly influenced by a distance cue known as Question 11 options: a) relative height. b) closure. c) interposition. d) linear perspective.

c) interposition.

The taste of umami is a ________ taste. Question 17 options: a) bitter b) sour c) meaty d) salty

c) meaty

Nociceptors initiate the sensation of Question 16 options: a) color. b) pitch. c) pain. d) taste.

c) pain.

After hearing that Bryce had served a prison sentence, Janet began to perceive his friendly behavior as insincere and manipulative. This best illustrates the impact of Question 4 options: a) subliminal persuasion. b) prosopagnosia. c) perceptual set. d) sensory adaptation.

c) perceptual set.

In 1972, a British newspaper published pictures of a "Loch Ness Monster." Many people readily perceived a floating tree trunk in the photographs as the partially submerged monster. This best illustrates the powerful influence of Question 12 options: a) subliminal stimulation. b) bottom-up processing. c) perceptual set. d) sensory adaptation.

c) perceptual set.

A drink's strawberry odor enhances our perception of its sweetness. This best illustrates Question 19 options: a) synesthesia. b) the McGurk effect. c) sensory interaction. d) the volley principle.

c) sensory interaction.

Olfaction refers to Question 8 options: a) the sense of body position and movement. b) the principle that one sense may influence another. c) the sense of smell. d) transforming sounds into neural impulses.

c) the sense of smell.

According to the opponent-process theory, cells that are turned "on" by ________ light are turned "off" by ________ light. Question 5 options: a) blue; green b) red; blue c) yellow; blue d) yellow; green

c) yellow; blue

Rules for organizing stimuli into coherent groups were first identified by Question 8 options: a) John Locke. b) evolutionary psychologists. c) behaviorists. d) Gestalt psychologists.

d) Gestalt psychologists.

A subliminal message is one that is presented Question 3 options: a) with very soft background music. b) repetitiously. c) in a manner that is unconsciously persuasive. d) below one's absolute threshold for awareness.

d) below one's absolute threshold for awareness.

Receptor cells for the vestibular sense send messages to the Question 17 options: a) temporal lobes. b) frontal lobes. c) olfactory cortex. d) cerebellum.

d) cerebellum.

Perceptual constancy refers to perceiving objects as having a consistent Question 17 options: a) accommodation. b) difference threshold. c) linear perspective. d) color, brightness, shape, and size.

d) color, brightness, shape, and size.

It wasn't until Clara heard some of her classmates laughing loudly during history class that she began to perceive the professor's ongoing lecture to be very funny. This provides an illustration of Question 14 options: a) Weber's law. b) sensory adaptation. c) subliminal messaging. d) context effects.

d) context effects.

When holding a gun themselves, people become more likely to perceive another person as gun-toting rather than as simply holding a phone or wallet. This best illustrates the impact of Question 5 options: a) masking stimuli. b) subliminal sensation. c) sensory adaptation. d) context effects.

d) context effects.

Immanuel Kant and John Locke would have been most likely to disagree about the extent to which perception is influenced by Question 14 options: a) retinal disparity. b) accommodation. c) relative luminance. d) cultural experience.

d) cultural experience.

Context effects illustrate that our perception of particular stimuli is influenced by the ________ of those stimuli. Question 13 options: a) just noticeable difference b) subliminal sensation c) absolute threshold d) environmental surroundings

d) environmental surroundings

Repeated gentle stroking of a pain spot creates a(n) Question 7 options: a) cold sensation. b) hot sensation. c) wetness sensation d) itching sensation.

d) itching sensation.

The sensory experience of bending one's knees or raising one's arms exemplifies Question 18 options: a) sensory interaction. b) the vestibular sense. c) top-down processing. d) kinesthesia.

d) kinesthesia.

The Moon illusion refers to our tendency to perceive the Moon as unusually Question 13 options: a) bright when it is high in the sky. b) bright when it is near the horizon. c) large when it is high in the sky. d) large when it is near the horizon.

d) large when it is near the horizon.

The impact of experience on perception is most clearly illustrated by Question 18 options: a) the phi phenomenon. b) relative luminance. c) retinal disparity. d) perceptual adaptation.

d) perceptual adaptation.

The way in which you quickly group the individual letters in this test item into separate words best illustrates the principle of Question 11 options: a) closure. b) perceptual constancy. c) interposition. d) proximity.

d) proximity.

The green-colored ham and eggs had such a strange appearance that they tasted terrible to Sam. This illustrates the importance of Question 19 options: a) synesthesia. b) dissociation. c) difference thresholds. d) sensory interaction.

d) sensory interaction.