Psychology---Chapter 7

24) _____ effect is when items presented at the end of a list is remembered best.

Recency

33) ______ memory is a subdivision of declarative memory that is concerned with general knowledge and facts.

Semantic

46) Being unable to recall your grocery list until you are at the store and see some of the items you need on the shelves is an example of what type of forgetting? a) Cue-dependent forgetting b) Proactive interference c) Anterograde amnesia d) Retroactive interference

a) Cue-dependent forgetting

11) When you stand outside on a spring day, you smell flowers, see the sun, and feel the breeze. What type of memory is initially collecting all this information? a) Sensory b) Working c) Long-term d) Short-term

a) Sensory

15) Information is stored in sensory memory a) a very short time. b) forever. c) until something replaces it. d) as long as it is rehearsed.

a) a very short time.

19) One way to increase the amount of information that can be retained in short-term memory is to a) break the information into chunks. b) rehearse the information. c) study the same information several times. d) take advantage of elaborative rehearsal.

a) break the information into chunks.

21) One way to increase the amount of information that can be retained in short-term memory is to: a) chunk the information b) take advantage of elaborative rehearsal c) rehearse the information d) study the same information several times

a) chunk the information

6) The first process in recording memory is a) encoding. b) retrieval. c) decoding. d) recall.

a) encoding.

31) Bernadette recalled exactly where she was sitting and what she was wearing when Stefan proposed to her. This is an example of a(n) a) flashbulb memory. b) snapshot memory. c) explicit memory. d) accurate memory.

a) flashbulb memory.

23) Creating a rhyme to remember the states and capitals is an organizational strategy called a) mnemonics. b) chunking. c) working memory. d) elaborative rehearsal.

a) mnemonics.

1) Even if you originally knew something, you may be unable to retrieve the information because your ______ process failed. a) storage b) retrieval c) encoding d) retention

a) storage

43) ____ memories is one's recollections of their own life experiences.

autobiographical

41) Our memories reflect _______, in which memories are influenced by the meaning we give to events. a) eyewitness accounts b) constructive processes c) deep processing d) source amnesia

b) constructive processes

30) Recency effect is when items presented at the _____ of a list is remembered. a) first b) end c) first and end d) middle

b) end

27) When we cannot quite recall some information, but we once knew it, we are having a failure of a) recognition adaptation. b) long-term memory retrieval. c) explicit memory retrieval. d) short-term memory retrieval.

b) long-term memory retrieval.

35) The tip-of-the tongue phenomenon is a failure of _____. a) storage b) retrieval c) memory d) retention

b) retrieval

12) Memory that typically is forgotten in less than 25 seconds is a) long-term memory. b) short-term memory. c) sensory memory. d) episodic memory.

b) short-term memory.

36) _______ is a critical step to be able to recall information accurately. a) Priming b) Decay c) Encoding d) Interference

c) Encoding

38) Sometimes we forget because nothing triggers our memory of a specific bit of information. This is called a) schematic interference forgetting. b) long-term forgetting. c) cue-dependent forgetting. d) interference.

c) cue-dependent forgetting.

16) Rehearsal increases the _____. a) amount of information that can be held in sensory memory b) length of time that information can be held in sensory memory c) length of time that information can be held in short-term memory d) amount of information that can be held in short-term memory

c) length of time that information can be held in short-term memory

32) When we reconstruct memories from our past, we tend to remember information in terms of a) accurate processes. b) categorize information. c) schemas. d) engrams.

c) schemas.

3) Saving information for future use is called _____. a) retrieval b) retention c) storage d) encoding

c) storage

14)_______ is a memory strategy used to group information whereas, _________ is repeating information over and over.

chunking rehearsal

42) ______ is a form of memory loss that occurs without other mental difficulties. a) Exterior amnesia b) Anterior amnesia c) Retro amnesia d) Amnesia

d) Amnesia

34) The recollections of life experiences that include episodic memories we hold about ourselves. a) Procedural memory b) Selective memory c) Autoimmune memory d) Autobiographical memory

d) Autobiographical memory

28) What is the term used to describe the fact that Laura could only recall the first items listed on her grocery listed? a) Declarative effect b) Recency effect c) Procedural effect d) Primacy effect

d) Primacy effect

29) ______ is used when determining a correct answer in a multiple choice question. a) Relearning b) Cognitions c) Retrieval d) Recognition

d) Recognition

20) Which memory holds information temporarily while actively rehearsing that information? a) Long b) Temporary c) Small d) Working

d) Working

45) Forgetting because we have not used the information in a long time is related to a) amnesia. b) memory trace interference. c) cue-dependent forgetting. d) decay.

d) decay.

37) When given a fill in question with no choices provided, the form of retrieval is a) relearning. b) retention. c) recognition. d) recall.

d) recall.

40) Cue-dependent forgetting occurs when there is a lack of a) flashbulb encoding. b) autobiographical cues. c) interference in the environment. d) retrieval cues in the environment.

d) retrieval cues in the environment.

7) Repetitive rehearsal may maintain information used in ______ memory, while elaborative rehearsal is used in the ______ memory. a) sensory register; short-term b) explicit; implicit c) long-term; short-term d) short-term; long-term

d) short-term; long-term

26) The two parts of ______ memory, a type of explicit memory, are episodic and semantic. a) performance b) long-term c) short-term d) explicit e) declarative

e) declarative

44) If information is not______ , it cannot be recalled.

encoded

4) Memories are_______ and then ________ so they can be recalled later.

encoded- stored

39) You have a very vivid memory of the events of September 11, 2001. This is probably a _______ memory.

flashbulb

10) Memory is the process of encoding, storing, and __________ information.

retrieving

5) ______ memory can store information for only a short period of time.

sensory

9) _____ memory is the first stage of memory where information is stored briefly.

sensory

13) Information is stored in ________ -term memory by using memory strategies such as chunking.

short

18) You've just met John at a party and he gives you his phone number so you can get together later. You didn't write it down right away, and a few minutes later, you have forgotten it. This is because you failed to move the number from -_______ term memory to -_______ term memory.

short to long memory

8) Information must be encoded and ______ in order to be retrieved later.

stored

25) ______ memory is the memory system that holds information while actively manipulating the information.

working

47) Memory loss that occurs without other mental difficulties is known as _____

Amnesia

2) ________ is the process of encoding, storing and retrieving information.

Memory

17) ___ is often used to describe a formal technique for organizing information and increasing the likelihood that the information will be remembered.

Mnemonics

22) ___ effect is when first part of information on a list is remembered.

Primacy