Psychology Chapter 7 - Memory

Decay theory states that forgetting is due to a lack of _________, whereas interference theory states that forgetting is due to a lack of __________. a. availability; accessibility b. accessibility; availability c. encoding; accessibility d. encoding; availability

a.

In recalling his date from last Saturday night, Juan assumes that she was wearing shoes, even though he did not encode the details of what her shoes looked like. Juan's memory is an example of ___________. a. constructive memory b. reconstructive memory c. procedural memory d. encoding specificity

a.

Jose was in a car accident and he damaged his cerebellum. Which of the following tasks would be most difficult for Jose after his accident? a. Learning to play the piano b. Learning psychology c. Recalling his childhood d. Remembering what he had for breakfast

a.

Recalling the actual details of your first day in college in an accurate manner would be an example of __________ memory. a. reconstructive b. constructive c. semantic d. procedural

a.

Remembering the definition of elaborative rehearsal is an example of a(n) ___________ memory. a. semantic b. episodic c. procedural d. sensory

a.

When you first met your classmate, he was introduced to you as Calvin. However, Calvin never uses his first name and goes by just his initial (C.D.). Now, after a few years, you find that you cannot recall C.D.'s first name. This is most likely an example of ____________. a. retroactive interference b. proactive interference c. memory trace decay d. repression

a.

Which of the following would be the best example of maintenance rehearsal? a. Reading your notes over and over as you study for an exam b. Thinking about how the material you are studying relates to chapters that you have previously studied c. Developing mnemonics to help you remember the material d. Thinking about how the material relates to your own life

a.

Which one of the following is not an example of implicit memory? a. Knowing your best friend's name b. Knowing how to jump rope c. Being classically conditioned to fear snakes after experiencing a snake bite d. Being able to tie your shoes without looking

a.

You meet an old friend on the street and search your memory for his name. This is an example of which type of retrieval task? a. Recall b. Recognition c. Implicit retrieval d. Encoding specificity

a.

Brushing your teeth, combing your hair, and tying your shoes are all most likely to involve use of which type of memory? a. Explicit b. Implicit c. Declarative d. Semantic

b.

Glenn suffered a concussion in a terrible car accident, after which he could no longer store new episodic or semantic memories. Glenn seems to be suffering from _______________. a. retrograde amnesia b. anterograde amnesia c. repression d. cue-dependent forgetting

b.

In _________________, the memory probes and cues are stronger and contain more information. a. recall b. recognition c. short-term working memory d. long-term memory

b.

Research suggests that athletes who experience concussions may be predisposed to later experiencing _______________. a. schizophrenia b. depression c. brain hemorrhages d. b & c

b.

The phrase "Please excuse my dear aunt Sally," used as a tool to help people recall the order of mathematical operations is an example of ____________. a. an acronym b. a mnemonic c. massed practice d. All of the above

b.

Which of the following best illustrates the use of explicit memory? a. Forgetting to get eggs at the grocery store b. Trying to remember the name of a woman you once met at a party c. Automatically thinking of a cat when you see a dog on TV d. Guessing the correct answer on a multiple-choice test

b.

Which of the following event sis most likely to produce a flashbulb memory? a. Taking a difficult math test b. Being in a serious car accident c. Having a heated discussion with your best friend d. Going to a very scary movie on a date

b.

Which of the following is the best example of elaborative rehearsal? a. Reading a chapter in your text three times b. Relating the material to your personal experiences c. Using flashcards or key concepts in the chapter d. Rewriting your lecture notes

b.

Which of the following is the best example of semantic encoding in long-term memory? a. Remembering how to play the tune to your favorite song on a guitar b. Remembering the name of the artist who sings your favorite song c. Hearing the tune to your favorite song in your head d. Seeing the face of the artist who sings your favorite song in your head

b.

Which of the following views of memory can best explain our ability to simultaneously process the music of a video and the images of the video in short-term memory? a. The three-stages model of memory b. The working memory view of memory c. Procedural memory processing d. Semantic memory process

b.

According to the available research, which of the following is not a true statement about flashbulb memories? a. They are emotionally charged memories b. They are in part a function of the stress hormones that are released at the time the memory trace is encoded. c. They are more accurate in their detail than normal memories are d. Many people experience flashbulb memories at some point in their lives

c.

After his death, a post-mortem examination was performed on H.M.'s brain to examine which specific structures had been damaged by the earlier surgery that doctors performed to curb his epilepsy. This post-mortem examination is best characterized as what type of research? a. An experiment b. A correlational study c. A case study d. A quasi-experiment

c.

As you read a book, which is the first stage of memory into which the information that you are reading is processed? a. Short-term b. Working memory c. Iconic memory d. Phonological loop

c.

As you read the words on this page, which component of working memory is likely controlling the manner in which you process this information? a. The episodic buffer b. The phonological loop c. The central executive d. The visuospatial sketch pad

c.

Bits of information that are encoded into memory are known as ___________. a. memory probes b. memory cues c. memory traces d. attentional foci

c.

In question number 1, Juan's recollection of his date is most likely to be the result of ________. a. reconstructive memory b. constructive memory c. constructive and reconstructive memory d. memory that is like a videotape - an exact copy of what he experienced on the dat

c.

Mary was married 6 months ago. Much to her dismay, her friends continue to call her by her maiden name even though she has legally taken her partner's name. Mary's friends are experiencing which memory phenomenon? a. Encoding specificity b. Repression c. Proactive interference d. Retroactive interference

c.

Sarah is learning a list of new words. If you took a PET scan of Sarah's brain as she completed this task, where would you expect to see the greatest brain activity? a. The cerebellum b. The hypothalamus c. The hippocampus d. The right frontal lobe

c.

The available research evidence suggests that the ________________ may play a role in the learning of habits. a. hippocampus b. amygdala c. striatum d. b and c

c.

To test the idea that the average person should be able to hold approximately seven items in short-term memory, a researcher has participants listen while an assistant reads off a list of words. Some participants listen to a list of three words. Others hear a list of 5, 7, 10, or 15 words. Later, all participants are asked to recall as many of the words as they can, and the researcher calculates the percentage of words they were able to recall from the list they heard. In this study the independent variable is the _______________. a. number of words recalled by the participants b. percentage of words recalled by the participants c. number of words heard by the participants d. type of words hear by the participants

c.

Which of the following types of memory has the shortest duration? a. Long-term memory b. Short-term memory c. Sensory memory d. Working memory

c.

You know how to behave when you go to a fast-food restaurant because you have a(n) ____________ stored in long-term memory for this event. a. episode b. icon c. schema d. proposition

c.

According to the working memory model, which of the following is not a component of working memory? a. The episodic buffer d. The phonological loop c. The central executive d. Iconic memory

d.

Jack doesn't want to remember the blind date he went on last week because it didn't go well. Every time he starts to think of the date, Jack pushes the memory from his mind, and he focuses his attention on something else. Which type of forgetting best describes what Jack is experiencing? a. Proactive interference b. Retroactive interference c. Repression d. Motivated forgetting

d.

The working memory model is to ____________ as the three-stages model is to_______________. a. serial processing; explicit memory b. parallel processing; explicit memory c. serial processing; parallel processing d. parallel processing; serial processing

d.

When you are listening to and watching a music video on your computer, which component(s) of memory are you likely to be using? a. The phonological loop b. The central executive c. The visuospatial sketch pad d. All of the above

d.

Which of the following abilities does a smartphone not possess? a. Encoding b. Storage c. Retrieval d. Attention

d.

Which of the following best illustrates the use of implicit memory? a. Knowing the correct answer on a multiple-choice test b. Trying to remember where you left your car keys c. Forgetting where you left your car keys d. Tying your shoe while talking on you cell phone

d.

Which of the following tasks would be most difficult for an adult with anterograde amnesia? a. Learning to jump rope b. Learning to play a new video game c. Recalling his fifth birthday party d. Learning psychology

d.

Your knowledge of animals is most likely stored in ____________. a. short-term memory as acoustic memory traces b. short-term memory as semantic memory traces c. long-term memory as acoustic memory traces d. long-term memory as semantic memory traces

d.

Your knowledge of psychology is an example of ___________ memory. a. long-term b. semantic c. declarative d. All of the above

d.