psychology chapter 7: thinking, intelligence, and language
Which of the following are typical traits of intellectually gifted people?
- socially well-adjusted - academically advanced - IQ of 130 or above - superior talent in a particular area
What are some traits of those who are intellectually gifted?
- well-adjusted - higher than normal IQ
_____ is a learning difference characterized by problems in learning to read fluently and with accurate comprehension, despite typical intelligence.
dyslexia
The meaningless speechlike sounds uttered by infants, such as dadada, is called ________________
babbling
The fact that children all over the world reach language milestones at about the same time and in roughly the same order provides evidence for the idea of a(n) _________________________ for language development
biological basis
___________________________ is the ability to produce an infinite number of meaningful sentences.
infinite generativity
Many people think of _______________ in terms of reasoning and thinking skills, but a broader definition is that it is an all-purpose ability to do well on cognitive tasks, to solve problems, and to learn from experience.
intelligence
Problem-solving skills and the ability to adapt to and learn from life's everyday experiences is known as
intelligence
We use _____—symbols, signs, or sounds arranged according to systematic rules—to communicate our ideas.
language
__________________ is a form of communication that is based on a system of symbols.
language
When it comes to categorizing new information, our brains use several techniques; for example, the mental category that is used to group objects, events, and characteristics is called a(n) ______________
concepts
_______________ are mental categories that are used to group objects, events, and characteristics.
concepts
A test (such as an IQ test) that accurately measures what it is intended to measure is highly ___________
valid
Which of the following statements about the use of race to make group assumptions about intelligence is correct?
Race is a social category and is not a good indicator of a person's genetic heritage.
A computer models how technicians examine equipment failures. This is an example of
artificial intelligence.
The mental activity of transforming information to reach conclusions is known as __________________. This activity is involved in problem-solving and decision making.
reasoning
When somebody says, "You're smart. I bet your parents are smart, too," they are implying that intelligence is _______________
genetic
The proportion of observable differences in a group that can be explained by differences in the genes of the group's members is called
heritability.
________________ is being alert and mentally present for one's everyday activities.
mindfulness
________________________________ is the mental process of finding an appropriate way to attain a goal.
problem solving
What is infinite generativity?
the ability to produce an endless number of meaningful sentences using a finite set of words and rules
__________________ involves manipulating information mentally by forming concepts, solving problems, making decisions, and reflecting in a critical or creative manner.
thinking
