Psychology Chapter 8

Which of the following is an example of retrograde amnesia?

Jane Doe emerges from a coma with no idea who she is, where she came from or what happened

Which of the following is a good example of anterograde amnesia?

John Doe is in a car accident. Everyday he wakes up with no memory and he is unable to form new memories

What is the main idea of the Stroop effect?

The brains reaction time slows when it must deal with conflicting information

________ encoding is the encoding of sounds.

acoustic

What does the equipotentiality hypothesis suggest would happen if the hippocampus was damaged?

another part of the brain would compensate for the damage by taking over the memory function

Quincy is struck on the back of the head and finds, while she can remember her life up to the time she was struck on the head, she can no longer make new memories. Quincy has ________ amnesia.

anterograde

Which theory/hypothesis suggests that strong emotions trigger the formation of strong memories, and weak emotional experiences form weak memories?

arousal theory

Encoding information occurs through ________.

automatic processing and effortful processing

Which of the following is a good example of acoustic encoding?

being able to hum the tune to a song when you cant remember the lyrics

Forgetting anything good that happened on your trip to France because you just broke up with your French fiancée and now can't bear the thought of anything French is a good example of ________: Memories are distorted by your current belief system.

bias

Which part of the brain is most involved in creating implicit memories?

cerebellum

The formulation of new memories is sometimes called ________, and the process of bringing up old memories is called ________.

construction; reconstruction

What type of memories do we consciously try to remember and recall?

explicit memories

How is an explicit memory different from an implicit memory?

explicit memories consciously try to remember/recall; Implicit not part of our consciousness

For many in the baby-boom generation, the Kennedy assassination represents a ________, an exceptionally clear recollection of an important event.

flashbulb memory

What is the main idea of levels of processing theory?

if you want to remember info, think deeply and link it to other info making it more meaningful

When people say you never forget how to ride a bike, they are referring to ________ memory, also called non-declarative memory.

implicit

What is episodic memory?

information about events we have personally experienced

Chuck was in a car accident. He wishes he could put it behind him, but every night he has dreams about it, and every time he sees a car he remembers how he felt that day. Which category of memory failure associated with the seven sins of memory is exemplified?

intrusion

What is semantic memory?

knowledge about words, concepts, and language based knowledge and facts

In order for a memory to go into storage (i.e., long-term memory), it has to pass through three distinct stages: sensory memory, short-term memory, and ________ memory.

long-term

According to the Atkinson-Shiffrin model, ________.

memories are processed the same way that a computer processes information

What is the set of processes used to encode, store, and retrieve information over different periods of time?

memory

Researchers demonstrated that the hippocampus functions in memory processing by creating lesions in the hippocampi of rats, which resulted in ________.

memory impairment on various tasks, such as object recognition and maze running

When you take a multiple-choice test, you are relying on ________, a means of retrieving information out of your long-term memory storage system that helps you choose the correct answer.

recognition

In order to remember his lines for the play, Guy repeats his lines over and over again. This process is called ________.

rehearsal

Which of the following is a good example of semantic encoding?

remembering the colors of the rainbow with the acronym ROY-G-BIV

The act of getting information out of memory storage and back into conscious awareness is known as ________.

retrieval

Elaine wakes up in the hospital with a head injury. She gets to know her doctors and nurses over time, but it soon becomes clear that she has no memories from before she woke up in the hospital. Elaine has ________ amnesia.

retrograde

When experiencing ________ amnesia, you experience loss of memory for events that occurred prior to the trauma. When experiencing ________ amnesia, you cannot remember new information.

retrograde; anterograde

What is the tendency for an individual to have better memory for information that relates to oneself in comparison to material that has less personal relevance?

self-reference effect

Ben is asked to memorize the words canine, feline, and avian. He remembers the words by associating them with their synonyms: dog, cat, and bird. This is an example of ________ encoding.

semantic

The encoding of words and their meaning is known as ________ encoding.

semantic

What are the two components of declarative memory?

semantic and episodic

What kind of memory involves storage of brief events, such as sights, sounds, and tastes?

sensory

Why do strong emotions trigger the formation of strong memories and weak emotional experiences form weak memories?

strong emotional experiences can trigger the release of neurotransmitters and hormones

Elaborative rehearsal involves ________.

thinking about the meaning of new information and its relation to knowledge already stored in your memory

What is procedural memory?

type of implicit memory that stores information about how to do things

Which of the following is an example of a mnemonic device?

using the acronym HOMES to remember the names of the Great Lakes

________ encoding is the encoding of images.

visual