Psychology Chapter 8

The act of getting information out of memory storage and back into conscious awareness is known as _________. A.) encoding B.) hyperthymesia C.) retrieval D.) storage

c

Elena finds it very difficult to remember a long string of numbers, so she tries to memorize three numbers at a time. Later, she is able to repeat the numbers correctly because she grouped the numbers into more manageable groups of three. This is an example of ________. A.) chunking B.) elaborative rehearsal C.) a mnemonic device D.) persistence

a

How is an explicit memory different from an implicit memory? A.) Explicit memories are memories we consciously try to remember and recall, while implicit memories are those that are not part of our consciousness. B.) Explicit memories are memories that we have directly experienced, while implicit memories are memories that someone else directly experienced. C.) Explicit memories are memories that we unconsciously remember, while implicit memories are those that we consciously remember. D.) Implicit memories are memories we consciously try to remember and recall, while explicit memories are those that are not part of our consciousness.

a

I am trying to learn the names of all 50 states. Because I am actively and consciously remembering and recalling this information, it is considered _________ memory. A.) explicit B.) implicit C.) procedural D.) episodic

a

What is episodic memory? A.) information about events we have personally experienced B.) knowledge about words, concepts, and language-based knowledge and facts C.) storage of facts and events we have personally experienced D.) type of implicit memory that stores information about how to do things.

a

What type of memories do we consciously try to remember and recall? A.) explicit memories B.) implicit memories C.) sensory memories D.) short-term memories

a

A public opinion poll was administered to 50 people before the election of President Barack Obama. Polls taken before election night showed 50% of the people polled believed Barack Obama would be elected president. After the election results, the same people were asked if they believed Barack Obama would be elected president, and this time 75% of the people said yes. This may be an example of _________ bias. A.) egocentric B.) hindsight C.) stereotypical D.) transient

b

Dozens of people witness a purse snatching. One of the eyewitnesses loudly yells "the man with the blue shirt did it." Later, when questioned by police, several other eyewitnesses remember the purse snatcher wearing a blue shirt, even though the purse snatcher was a woman in flowered dress. This is an example of ________: the effects of misinformation from external sources that leads to the creation of false memories. A.) transience B.) suggestibility C.) recognition D.) decay

b

When you take a multiple-choice test, you are relying on ________, a means of retrieving information out of your long-term memory storage system that helps you choose the correct answer. A.) transience B.) recognition C.) recall D.) the Stroop effect

b

Your memory of how to ride a bicycle is probably something that you don't actively think about while you're riding. You just sort of "do it" without thinking of how you do it. This is an example of a(n) ___________ memory. A.) explicit B.) implicit C.) semantic D.) sensory

b

Amarah has an exam in a week, so she schedules 30 to 60 minutes each night to review her course material. She does this rather than waiting until the night before the exam so that she can avoid a "cram session." Amarah's approach to studying is called _________ practice. A.) chunked B.) massed C.) distributed D.) proactive

c

What is the set of processes used to encode, store, and retrieve information over different periods of time? A.) automatic processing B.) effortful processing C.) memory D.) sensory encoding

c

You see a television commercial for a product you may want to buy, and there is a telephone number you must call to place an order. Because you don't have anything to write down the number, you repeat it to yourself over and over again until you fell like you won't forget it. This process is called _________. A.) distributed practice B.) the method of loci C.) rehearsal D.) chunking

c

__________ amnesia is a condition in which a person can remember previously encoded memories but cannot encode new ones. A.) retrograde B.) proactive C.) anterograde D.) retroactive

c

Elaborative rehearsal involves ________. A.) immediately applying new information to a practical problem B.) organizing information into manageable bits or chunks C.) sleeping immediately after learning new information to allow your mind to process it D.) thinking about the meaning of the new information and its relation to knowledge already stored in your memory

d

Elaine wakes up in the hospital with a head injury. She gets to know her doctors and nurses over time, but it soon becomes clear that she has no memories from before she woke up in the hospital. Elaine has ________ amnesia. A.) anterograde B.) flashbulb C.) graduated D.) retrograde

d

From a cognitive psychology perspective, why is getting plenty of sleep the night before an exam important? A.) A good night of sleep inhibits the experience of retroactive interference B.) It decreases the likelihood of experiencing transience of memories C.) It makes sure that your neurons are firing at peak speed and efficiency D.) It allows for consolidation of studied material in long-term memory. d

d

Katya studies Spanish for three years, and then switches to French. When asked to remember Spanish vocabulary, she can't; instead, she can only remember French vocabulary. This is an example of _________ interference. A.) retrograde B.) anterograde C.) proactive D.) retroactive

d

When Benito was five he cut his leg on some glass and needed stitches. Years later, his mother tells him the scar came from being bit by a dog. Now, when people ask about his scar he distinctly remembers the dog biting him. This is an example of the ________. A.) Deese-Roediger-McDermott paradigm B.) equipotentiality hypothesis C.) levels of processing theory D.) misinformation effect paradigm

d

Which of the following is an example of a mnemonic device? A.) dividing your telephone number into groups of numbers to remember it easier B.) drinking coffee when you study for your math exam, then drinking coffee at your exam to reproduce the mental state you had when you studied C.) using a biofeedback machine to track your alpha waves during an exam D.) using the acronym "HOMES" to remember the names of the five Great Lakes

d