Psychology Chapter 9
How many different scales are used to compile a profile from the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)?
10
The ________ uses images and storytelling that relate to minority cultures.
TEMAS Multicultural Thematic Apperception Test
Asa is buying a gift for his mother, an overbearing woman who is difficult to please. When a clerk asks him who he is shopping for he replies, "my smother" instead of "my mother." What does this exemplify?
freudian slip
________ describes a proportion of difference among people that is attributed to genetics.
heritability
Tammy has a positive view of challenges: She views them as tasks to be mastered. She develops a deep interest in and a strong commitment to becoming a good teacher. When she doesn't pass her first teaching praxis, she quickly recovers and works to overcome the setback. Albert Bandura would say Tammy has ________.
high self-efficiency
According to Sigmund Freud, an adult who smokes, drinks, overeats, or bites her nails is fixated in the ________ stage of her psychosexual development.
oral
According to Carl Rogers, a healthy personality would result from congruence between one's ______ self and their ________ self.
real;ideal
What was the main idea behind Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development?
An individual's personality develops throughout the lifespan.
What is the main idea of the behavioral perspective on personality?
Personality is significantly shaped by the reinforcements and consequences outside of the organism.
According to Carl Jung, which of the following best served the goal of self-realization?
balance between extroversion and introversion
________ is a state of being in which our thoughts about our real and ideal selves are very similar
congruence
A(n) ________ complex refers to the feeling that one lacks worth and doesn't measure up to the standards of others or of society.
inferiority
Which of the following was one of Alfred Adler's main contributions to personality theory?
suggesting that our birth order shapes our personality
What is the advantage of applying learning approaches to the study of personality?
they can be scientifically tested because they involve observable actions
Ina can no longer read the street signs, but she refuses to admit she needs glasses to drive. Which defense mechanism does this exemplify?
denial
Sigmund Freud suggested that people who are dominated by their ________ might be narcissistic and impulsive.
id
________ theorists attempt to explain our personality by identifying our stable characteristics and ways of behaving.
trait
Which statement summarizes the main idea of reciprocal determinism?
Our behavior, cognitive processes, and situational context all influence each other.
In the HEXACO model of personality traits, to what does the "X" refer?
extraversion
Sally really loves being outdoors. She likes to hike, do yoga in the warm sun, and go for long camping trips. She and her wife move to Arizona from New York so that they can enjoy these activities in warmer weather for most of the year. This process of moving to an area that is most suited for one's personality tendencies is called selective ________.
migration
When Marcos is unhappy, he is mean to other children; he calls them names and behaves aggressively toward them. He often manipulates his peers into doing what he wants. Which of Karen Horney's coping strategy is Marcos using?
moving against people
Jessica believes that she succeeds in high school because she works hard, earned a place on the basketball team because she practices constantly, and cooks well because she takes cooking classes. Julian Rotter would say that Jessica has ________.
an internal locus of control
In Albert Bandura's social-cognitive theory, behavior refers to ________.
anything an individual does that can be punished or rewarded
What was the third personality dimension eventually proposed by Hans and Sybil Eysenck?
psychoticism versus superego control
After Mike does not get the job he interviewed for, he moves back in with his parents and spends his days playing video games. Which defense mechanism does this exemplify?
regression
According to Abraham Maslow, the highest need is ________.
self-actualization
Max's behavior and self-presentation is relaxed and informal with his friends. When he goes on a job interview he projects professionalism and formality with his attire and language. What would Carl Jung suggest about Max?
Max adopted a professional persona for his job interview.
What is the main difference between Sigmund Freud and the neo-Freudians?
Neo-Freudians reduced the emphasis on sex.