Psychology Chapter Four
a
A person experiencing a panic disorder is MOST likely also to have which of the following? A. fear of leaving home B. fear of enclosed spaces C. fear of other people D. fear of driving
b
A person recently was diagnosed with social anxiety disorder. If this is all the information you have, your BEST guess is that the person is in: A. elementary school, and is more likely than average to have a close relative with social anxiety disorder. B. high school, and is more likely than average to have a close relative with social anxiety disorder. C. elementary school, and is less likely than average to have a close relative with social anxiety disorder. D. high school, and less likely than average to have a close relative with social anxiety disorder.
b
A person who believes that it is awful and catastrophic when things are not the way he or she would like them to be is displaying: A. metaworry. B. irrational assumptions. C. compulsion. D. conditions of worth.
a
A psychotherapist models appropriate social skills for a client with social anxiety disorder, then uses modeling for another client with a phobia for spiders. What the therapist is doing is: A. common; modeling is often used in the treatment of these kinds of disorders. B. uncommon; modeling is often used in the treatment of social anxiety disorders, but seldom used in the treatment of specific phobias. C. uncommon; modeling is seldom used in the treatment of social anxiety disorders, but commonly used in the treatment of specific phobias. D. rare; modeling is seldom used in the treatment of these kinds of disorders.
c
A woman you know constantly avoids crowded streets and buildings, and she is very reluctant to leave home, even with a friend. Recently, she has started experiencing extreme, sudden fear every time she enters a crowded street. MOST likely, this woman would be diagnosed with: A. panic attacks. B. panic disorder. C. agoraphobia and panic disorder. D. agoraphobia.
b
According to DSM-5 one must demonstrate which of the following set of symptoms in order to be diagnosed with General Anxiety Disorder? A. excessive worry for two months, restlessness, behavior changes, distress B. excessive worry for three months, restlessness, behavior changes, distress C. excessive worry for four months, restlessness, behavior changes, distress D. excessive worry for five months, restlessness, behavior changes, distress
b
According to Freud, a generalized anxiety disorder is MOST likely to result when: A. a person does not dream, and thus has no outlet for anxiety. B. defense mechanisms are too weak to cope with anxiety. C. a person never has a chance to experience trauma. D. defense mechanisms are too strong.
c
Agoraphobia is the fear of: A. flying. B. public speaking. C. open spaces or crowds. D. spiders.
b
An intense, persistent, and irrational fear that is accompanied by a compelling desire to avoid the object of the fear to the point of interfering with the life of the person is called: A. panic disorder. B. phobic disorder. C. obsessive-compulsive disorder. D. generalized anxiety disorder.
b
Antidepressants and alprazolam (Xanax) have been found to be successful in treating: A. phobias. B. panic disorders. C. generalized anxiety disorders. D. obsessive-compulsive disorders.
a
Antidepressants that are effective in treating obsessive-compulsive disorder serve to: A. increase serotonin activity in the brain. B. increase norepinephrine activity in the brain. C. increase the level of all brain neurotransmitters. D. decrease serotonin activity in the brain.
a
Benzodiazepines are believed to be effective in treating generalized anxiety disorder because they mimic the effect of ______ at certain receptor sites in the brain. A. GABA B. dopamine C. acetylcholine D. serotonin
d
Cognitive theorists have found that people who develop obsessive-compulsive disorder also: A. have a lower rate of depression. B. have lower standards of conduct and morality. C. believe it is impossible and undesirable to have control over everything. D. believe their thoughts are capable of causing harm to themselves or others.
a
Davon watched his father recoil from a snake in fear. Now he is afraid of snakes. This apparent acquisition of fear of snakes is an example of: A. modeling. B. response discrimination. C. escape response. D. stimulus generalization.
a
Devon is being treated for anxiety. He is connected to an instrument that records muscle tension. His job is to try to reduce muscle tension. This is an example of: A. biofeedback training. B. EMG training. C. relaxation training. D. self-instruction training.
a
Evidence in support of the biological understanding of generalized anxiety is supported by the finding that: A. relatives of people with generalized anxiety are more likely to have it than nonrelatives. B. distant relatives of those with generalized anxiety are more likely to have it than close relatives. C. relatives share not only biological characteristics, but also similar environments. D. identical twins have more similar environments than fraternal twins.
d
GABA, an inhibitory neurotransmitter believed to be involved in reducing the excitability of neurons in the brain, has been implicated in the etiology of: A. schizophrenia. B. panic disorder. C. conversion disorder. D. generalized anxiety disorder.
b
If I believe that it is a dire necessity for me to be loved or approved by everyone and that it is catastrophic if things are not the way I want them, I am displaying basic: A. existential anxiety. B. irrational assumptions. C. moral anxiety. D. conditions of worth.
c
If you criticized everything you did, looking for flaws, and never could measure up to your personal standards, you would be exhibiting what Rogers called: A. empathy. B. unconditional positive regard. C. conditions of worth. D. moral anxiety.
a
If you really wanted to impress your friends, you would refer to "hair-pulling disorder" by the scientific name: A. trichotillomania. B. musomania. C. traumatomania. D. gephyromania.
b
If you wanted a drug to improve the functioning of GABA, you would choose: A. a drug that increased neuronal firing speed. B. a benzodiazepine. C. any of the antidepressants. D. a drug that works on the endocrine level rather than the neuron level.
c
If your therapist gave you homework that required you to challenge your faulty assumptions and replace them with healthier ones, the therapist would be using: A. cognitive-existential therapy. B. client-centered therapy. C. rational-emotive therapy. D. interpersonal-physiotherapy.
b
Imagine that someone yells "Fire!" in a crowded theater, and audience members begin to try to leave the building. Some "panic," and begin pushing their way blindly through other people to an exit. This form of "panic" is: A. rare, but similar to the panic those with panic disorder experience. B. rare, and very different from the panic those with panic disorder experience. C. common, and similar to the panic those with panic disorder experience. D. common, but very different from the panic those with panic disorder experience
b
In modeling, the client: A. confronts the feared object directly. B. observes the therapist confronting the feared object. C. imagines the therapist confronting the feared object. D. imagines himself or herself confronting the feared object.
c
In order to determine if a person's fear of snakes is severe enough to be categorized as a phobia, you could: A. show him a snake; if he appears to be very uncomfortable, he most likely has a phobia. B. show him a snake; if he appears to be very uncomfortable, he most likely has a fear. C. ask him if anxiety about snakes interferes with daily living; if he says "yes," he most likely has a phobia. D. ask him if anxiety about snakes interferes with daily living; if he says "yes," he most likely has a fear.
a
Leila always feels threatened and anxious—imagining something awful is about to happen. But she is able to work and care for her family, although not as well as she would like. Leila is probably experiencing: A. a generalized anxiety disorder. B. a hormonal imbalance. C. no specific problem; she just likes to worry. D. a specific fear response.
c
My office is a mess; graded tests are in piles on my desk, overflowing bookshelves line the walls, and research materials from years ago occupy boxes on the floor. If I am experiencing a diagnosable disorder, it would MOST likely be in what category? A. social anxiety disorders B. panic disorders C. obsessive-compulsive-related disorders D. specific phobias
b
Pairing the thought of feared objects and relaxation training is: A. implosive therapy. B. systematic desensitization. C. experimental extinction. D. self-instruction training.
c
Religious rituals and superstitious behavior (such as not stepping on cracks) would be considered a compulsive behavior: A. when done to provide comfort and reduce tension. B. when done more than once a day. C. when they interfere with daily function and cause distress. D. never.
c
Sam can't leave for work without going back into his house and making sure that he has taken all of his writing materials. He does this several times before he allows himself to start the car and drive to work. He is frequently late for work because he is so unsure about remembering everything. Sam is displaying: A. agoraphobia. B. an obsession. C. a checking compulsion. D. nonpathological caution.
b
Someone who believes that among our ancestors, those who feared animals, darkness, and heights were more likely to survive long enough to reproduce, represents the ______ explanation of the development of phobias. A. environmental B. evolutionary C. empirical D. externalized
a
Steve is afraid of eating in public, expecting to be judged negatively and to feel humiliated. As a result, he always makes up excuses when asked out to eat. His diagnosis would probably be: A. a social phobia. B. a specific phobia. C. generalized anxiety disorder. D. posttraumatic stress disorder
c
Teaching people to accept their worries and live in the present moment—mindfulness therapy—is MOST consistent with which theoretical approach? A. psychodynamic B. biological C. cognitive D. behavioral
b
The MOST common mental disorders in the United States are the: A. mood disorders. B. anxiety disorders. C. personality disorders. D. sexual disorders.
c
The drug treatment that is MOST effective in treating panic disorders is like that used to treat: A. schizophrenia. B. depression. C. bipolar disorder. D. generalized anxiety.
b
The first step in systematic desensitization treatment is: A. role playing. B. relaxation training. C. construction of a fear hierarchy. D. graded pairings with the phobic object.
c
Which of the following statements accurately reflects what we know from recent studies? A. Phobias are always a result of classical conditioning. B. Phobias are almost always a result of classical conditioning. C. Phobias ordinarily are a result of classical conditioning. D. Phobias may be a result of classical conditioning.
c
The phobia MOST often associated with panic disorder is: A. claustrophobia. B. acrophobia. C. agoraphobia. D. metrophobia.
b
The therapy for generalized anxiety disorder developed by Albert Ellis is called: A. behavior modification. B. rational-emotive therapy. C. self-instruction training. D. stress inoculation training.
c
What is one important way obsessions and compulsions are related? A. Compulsions are a way to prevent obsessions from occurring. B. Obsessions generally lead to violent or immoral compulsions. C. Compulsions help people control their obsessions. D. Obsessions are not related to compulsions.
c
When he was 5 years old, Samir was almost struck by lightning while walking through a forest during a rainstorm. Today, he is extremely afraid of trees. A behaviorist would say that he has acquired this fear by: A. operant conditioning. B. modeling and imitation. C. classical conditioning. D. stimulus generalization.
b
When someone checks the stove 10 times to make sure it is turned off before leaving in the morning, that person is exhibiting a(n): A. obsession. B. compulsion. C. panic attack. D. phobia.
b
Which of the following is a nondrug biological treatment for anxiety that is in general use today? A. psychoanalysis B. relaxation therapy C. behavior modification D. rational-emotive therapy
d
Which of the following is an anxiety disorder? A. schizophrenia B. bipolar disorder C. major depression D. obsessive-compulsive disorder
a
Which of the following is an example of a specific social anxiety? A. fear of public speaking B. fear of snakes C. fear of tornados when a tornado warning is in effect D. fear of generally functioning poorly in front of others
a
Which of the following reflects the MOST common obsessive thought? A. If I touch that doorknob, I will be dirty and contaminated. B. I must make sure that the brochures are folded evenly. C. I can hardly stop myself from yelling sexual obscenities in class. D. I hope that person dies a long, slow death.
d
You are suffering from arachnophobia. Your therapist first has you go through relaxation training, then has you construct a fear hierarchy and, finally, has you go through a phase of graded pairings of spiders and relaxation responses. This approach is called: A. modeling. B. flooding. C. implosive therapy. D. systematic desensitization.
a
You notice someone who is sweating, experiencing shortness of breath, choking, feeling dizzy, and is afraid of dying. If it is not a heart attack, but an indicator of anxiety disorder, it is probably a: A. panic attack. B. phobia. C. obsessive-compulsive response. D. posttraumatic disorder.
b
Your abnormal-psychology instructor asks in class, "What kinds of treatments are commonly used to treat obsessive-compulsive-related disorders?" Confidently (and accurately), you reply: A. "client-centered therapies and exposure therapies." B. "exposure therapies and antidepressant drugs." C. "antidepressant drugs and biofeedback." D. "biofeedback and relaxation training."