Psychology Chapters 1-3 Practice quizes

plasticity.

The fact that the brains of jugglers reflects changes related to improved performance helps support the notion of

ANS

Which system can be divided into two subdivisions that arouse and calm the body?

temperament

Which trait appears to remain somewhat stable throughout life?

Karen Horney

Who among the following researchers was NOT a stage theorist?

reuptake.

A neurotransmitter's reabsorption by the sending neuron is referred to as:

35; 39

A single act of intercourse is half as likely to produce a pregnancy for a woman between the ages of _____ and _____ as compared with a woman between the ages of 19 and 26.

postconventional

According to Lawrence Kohlberg, people who develop an abstract level of reasoning where they perceive basic ethical principles and the moral good as being more important than their own self have developed what is known as _____ morality.

hindsight bias

After physicians are given case information and an autopsy report, they are very likely to presume that they could have determined the cause of death with the case information alone. This tendency to believe that one would have foreseen something after learning of an outcome is called

He will take his first steps within a day.

Andrew and Andrei are 11-month-old identical twins. Andrew took his first steps yesterday. How soon will Andrei take his first steps?

object permanence.

Claire's brother hid her favorite stuffed bear in the other cabinet after Claire had originally put the bear in her own toy chest. When she returned, she was able to find the bear in the cabinet where her brother had put it. This illustrates Claire's development of:

neural networks

Dr. Johnson is interested in studying how the trillions of synapses of an adult brain are organized into an information-processing system. Which topic should he consider studying?

prenatal development

Environmental influences on development begin during:

generativity vs. stagnation

Erik Erikson proposed that at this stage of life, people discover a sense of contributing to the world, usually through family and work; otherwise, they may feel a lack of purpose.

the level of sexual stimulation

In order to assess whether sexual stimulation affects sense of humor, researchers exposed married couples to either sexually stimulating or non-sexually stimulating movie scenes. The couples, then, watched a comedy skit, and the researchers measured how much they laughed. In this research, the independent variable consisted of

integrity vs. despair

George, who is 72 years old, is sitting in his recliner. He is thinking about the mistakes he believes he made during his younger years, as well as his dreams that went unfulfilled. He also thinks about the good choices he made and what he believes he did correctly with his life. According to Erik Erikson, George is in the stage of development called:

biology.

Humans and animals share a common:

placebo effects

In drug treatment studies, researchers often use double-blind procedures to minimize the chance that _____ are responsible for differences between experimental and controlled conditions.

emerging adulthood

LeAnne is 20 years old and is a sophomore in college. She attends college full-time and has a part-time job. She currently lives on campus. Which stage of development is she currently in?

plasticity.

MRI scans indicate that well-practiced pianists have a larger-than-usual auditory cortex area, which encodes piano sounds. This phenomenon BEST illustrates:

psychiatrist

Mark is a 43-year-old male who is hearing voices, has paranoid thoughts of persecution, and believes that he has "special powers." Mark suffers from paranoid schizophrenia but is not currently medicated. Dr. Verde is evaluating Mark and may admit him to the hospital so that she can start proper medication and evaluate his progress. Dr. Verde is MOST likely a

They were raised in deprived environments.

Marla is a research assistant at the university psychology laboratory. She finds that the mouse cortexes she is studying are thinner and lighter. What may have happened?

avoid long-term goals

People who live happy, thriving lives do NOT:

sleep apnea.

Shawn has always been a chronic snorer, much to the dismay of his wife. For the last three months, he has been waking up in the middle of the night gasping for air. He MOST likely suffers from:

NREM-3

Slower, larger delta waves occur in _____ sleep.

negatively correlated

Surveys are MOST likely to indicate that reckless behavior and self-control are

food consumption.

The MOST immediate and direct function of the rooting reflex is the facilitation of:

pituitary gland

The _____ triggers the ovaries and testes to release sex hormones.

bladder contractions.

The autonomic nervous system directly controls

Sigmund Freud's wish-fulfillment

The distinction between manifest content and latent content is central to _____ theory of dreams.

basic; applied

The field of psychology is a collection of diverse subfields. Psychologists who conduct _____ research contribute by expanding the knowledge base of psychology, whereas others who conduct _____ research explore practical problems.

raises; raises

The release of epinephrine and norepinephrine _____ blood pressure and _____ blood sugar levels.

emerging adulthood

This period is from about age 18 to the mid-twenties, when many in Western cultures are no longer adolescents but have not yet achieved full independence as adults.

magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

This technique produces computer-generated images of soft tissue and can show brain anatomy.

He doesn't necessarily feel good about being an American

Thomas is an American citizen and is convinced that all immigrants are criminals. This is not the case. In fact, compared with native-born Americans, immigrants are 44 percent less likely to be imprisoned. Which of the following is NOT a possible reason why Thomas is convinced of this false belief?

occipital

Tom was involved in a bar fight and sustained a blow to the back of his head from a beer bottle. He was dazed and could not see for about 2 minutes. Which lobe was affected?

all-or-none response

What has occurred when a neuron either fires or does not fire?

plasticity

What helps make the human brain unique compared to other species?

It will be used to manipulate people.

What is a main concern about psychology as a discipline?

threshold

What level of stimulation is required to trigger a neural impulse?

the Human Connectome Project

What project is mapping long-distance brain fiber connections in search of "what makes every person different from all others"?

muscle

What simile BEST describes how your mind learns and remembers? The mind is like a

vaccines to prevent cervical cancer

Which beneficial treatment is NOT a result of animal research mentioned in the text?

past and present

Which factor is NOT one of the major issues in developmental psychology?

plasticity

Which of the following brain abilities is what makes the human brain unique?

predictive bias

Which of the following is NOT a flaw in common sense thinking?

teratogen

Your neighbor is five months pregnant and still smoking a pack of cigarettes every day. Perhaps she is unaware that nicotine is a(n) _____ for the fetus of a mother who smokes heavily. Even so, you inform her of the potential consequences of smoking while pregnant.

Critical thinking

_____ illustrates why people should NOT rely on their common sense when trying to explain why people act, think, and feel the way they do.