Psychology Chapters 5&6

Hearing

Audition

In _____ the stimulus or experience occurs before the behavior gets paired with the behavior.

classical conditioning

Two forms of associative learning are _____ and _____

classical conditioning; operant conditioning

In Pavlov's work with dogs, the psychic secretions were ____

conditioned responses

Hearing aids might be effective for treating

conductive hearing loss

In Bandura's Bobo doll study, when the children who watched the aggressive model were placed in a room with a doll and other toys, they

kicked and threw the doll

The 3 ossicles of the middle ear are known as

malleus, incus, stapes & hammer, anvil, stirrup

If you were to stare at a green dot for a relatively long period of time and then shift your gaze to a blank white screen, you would see a ___ negative afterimage.

red

Decreased sensitivity to an unchanging stimulus is known as

sensory adaption

Rewarding successive approximations toward a target behavior is

shaping

In Watson and Rayner's experiments, Little Albert was conditioned to fear a white rat, and then he began to fear other furry, white objects. This demonstrates

stimulus generalization

Extinction occurs when

the conditioned stimulus is presented repeatedly without being paired with an unconditioned stimulus.

The quality of a sounds that is affected by frequency, amplitude and timing of the sound wave is known as

timbre

Which of the following correctly matches the pattern in our perception at color as we move from short to long wavelengths. a. red-orange-yellow b. yellow-orange-red c. yellow-red-orange d. orange-yellow-red

B

Which of the following is NOT an example of a primary reinforcer? a. food b. money c. water d. sex

B

____ depth cues require the use of both eyes.

Binocular

Study of vision, hearing and other modalities

Experimental Psychology

Taste

Gustation

___ is when you take away a pleasant stimulus to stop a behavior.

Negative punishment

Subspecialty of clinical psychology; focuses on the relationship between brain & behavior

Neuropsychology

Smell

Olfaction

___ occurs when sensory information is organized, interpreted and consciously experiences

Perception

When sensory information is detected by a sensory receptor.

Sensation

Sense that tells us where our body parts are

Proprioception

The audible range for humans is

20-20,000 hz

The visible spectrum includes light that ranges from about____. a. 400-700 nm b. 200-900 nm c. 20-2000 hz d. 10-20 dB

A

___ refers to the minimum amount of stimulus energy required to be detected 50% of the time.

Absolute threshold

Who proposed observational learning?

Albert Bandura

Which of the following is an example of a reflex that occurs at some point in the development of a human being? a. child riding a bike b. teen socializing c. infant sucking on a nipple d. toddler walking

C

_____ operate best under bright light conditions.

Cones

The electromagnetic spectrum includes a. radio waves b. x-rays c. infrared light d. all of the above

D

Awareness of body movement

Kinesthesia

Touch

Tactile sense

___ involved the conversion of sensory stimulus energy into neural impulses.

Transduction

Slot machines reward gamblers with money according to which reinforcement schedule?

Variable Ratio

Balance

Vestibular Sense

The ___ is a small indentation of the retina that contains cones.

fovea

Hair cells located near the base of the basilar membrane respond best to ___ sounds.

high-frequency

The person who performs a behavior that serves as an example is called a

model

A stimulus that does not initially elicit a response in an organism is a(n)

neutral stimulus

Learning is best defined as a relatively permanent change in behavior that

occurs as a result of experience