Psychology e1 questions

The ________ of a neuron contain ________ that house neurotransmitters, the chemical messengers of the nervous system. 1. dendrites; synaptic vesicles 2. terminal buttons; synaptic vesicles 3. terminal buttons; transport proteins 4. axons; terminal buttons

2. terminal buttons; synaptic vesicles

In a resting state, sodium (Na+) is at a higher concentration outside the cell and potassium (K+) is more concentrated inside the cell. During an action potential, the sodium levels ________ inside the cell. 1. increase only if potassium levels remain the same 2. stay the same 3. increase 4. decrease

3. increase

________ (IRB) reviews research that is involves the use of human participants. 1. Institutional Review Bureau 2. Institutional Review Board 3. Institutional Research Board 4. Institutional Research Bureau

2. Institutional Review Board

A negative correlation means ________. 1. one variable decreases as the other increases 2. there is a relationship between two variables, but it is not statistically significant 3. a third variable eliminates a correlational relationship 4. two variables increase together, but they are associated with an undesirable outcome

1. one variable decreases as the other increases

Which of the following is an example of research someone might conduct in the area of health psychology? 1. how the age of a leader affects the productivity of the group 2. whether culture influences perception 3. what personality traits are present more often in men compared to women 4. whether people working at a desk are more likely to be obese

4. whether people working at a desk are more likely to be obese

Which correlation coefficient best represents a moderate relationship showing fewer anxiety symptoms in people who report higher life satisfaction? 1. +0.13 2. -0.53 3. -0.21 4. +0.78

2. -0.53

Changes in behavior and cognitive processes over time are studied by ________. 1. behavioral psychologists 2. evolutionary psychologists 3. behavioral geneticists 4. historical psychologists

2. . evolutionary psychologists

Which perspective within psychology that emphasizes the potential for good that is innate to all humans. 1. Humanism 2. Behaviorism 3. Gestalt psychology 4. Structuralism

2. Behaviorism

Which of the following areas is located in the frontal lobe of the brain? 1. Broca's area 2. Wernicke's area 3. thalamus 4. hippocampus

1. Broca's area

________ assesses the consistency of observations by different observers. 1. Inter-rater reliability 2. Validity 3. Attrition 4. A control group

1. Inter-rater reliability

Which famous female psychologist completed all of the requirements for a doctorate in psychology but was denied that degree because of her sex? 1. Mary Whiton Calkins 2. Margaret Floy Washburn 3. Mary Ainsworth 4. Inez Prosser

1. Mary Whiton Calkins

Which is the main type of chemical messengers secreted by the male gonads? 1. androgens 2. estrogens 3. endorphins 4. dopamine

1. androgens

When studying personality traits, someone who is hardworking, dependable, and organized will score high on the ________ trait. 1. conscientiousness 2. extroversion 3. openness 4. agreeableness

1. conscientiousness

Guillermo spends some time each day applying the principles of structuralism to examine his own conscious experience as carefully as possible. Guillermo is engaged in ________. 1. introspection 2. client-centered therapy 3. behaviorism 4. psychoanalysis

1. introspection

In order to maximize the chances that experimental groups represent the population of interest, researchers should conduct ________ and ________. 1. random sampling; random group assignment 2. blind sampling; random group assignment 3. blind group assignment; random sampling 4. blind group assignment; blind sampling

1. random sampling; random group assignment

Jeremy has Parkinson's disease, a progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects motor skills. In addition to motor symptoms, Jeremy has noticed changes in his mood. It is likely that Jeremy's ________ is producing less ________ than it needs to. 1. substantia nigra; dopamine 2. motor cortex; acetylcholine 3. substantia nigra; acetylcholine 4. motor cortex; dopamine

1. substantia nigra; dopamine

Professor Devine and her colleagues are interested in assessing whether active versus passive play causes a preference for sweet or salty foods in toddlers. They assign groups of children to either an active play, passive play, or no play group and record their food choices when presented with a variety of sweet and salty foods. In this study, ________ is the independent variable and ________ is the control group. 1. type of play; no play 2. no play; type of play 3. active play; passive play 4. food choice; no play

1. type of play; no play

Ashya wants to focus on the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders and other problematic patterns of behavior. What area of psychology should she work in? 1. counseling psychology 2. clinical psychology 3. social psychology 4. cognitive psychology

2. clinical psychology

Which of the following research designs will allow cause-and-effect conclusions? 1. quasi-experimental 2. experimental 3. archival research 4. correlational studies

2. experimental

Gyri and sulci are the ________ and ________, respectively, which characterize the surface of the human brain. 1. folds; grooves 2. grooves; folds 3. fissures; folds 4. cortex; forebrain

2. grooves; folds

A group of researchers investigated the effects of two vocabulary learning strategies on word retention two weeks later. In this example, learning strategy is the ________ variable and word retention is the ________ variable. 1. control; experimental 2. independent; dependent 3. experimental; control 4. dependent; independent

2. independent; dependent

Hyperpolarization means that the ________. 1. membrane potential becomes more positive than the resting potential 2. membrane potential becomes more negative than the resting potential 3. potassium gates open 4. sodium gates open

2. membrane potential becomes more negative than the resting potential

The ability of a research study or psychological instrument to consistently produce a given result is called ________. 1. standardization 2. reliability 3. validity 4. operationalization

2. reliability

Susan wants to study prejudice, attraction, how we explain our own behavior versus how we explain the behavior of others, and how we resolve interpersonal conflicts. Susan should conduct research in the area of ________. 1. Gestalt psychology 2. social psychology 3. psychoanalysis 4. personality

2. social psychology

Behaviorism focuses on making psychology an objective science by ________. 1. studying the genetic basis for behavior and theorizing how instincts influence behavior 2. studying overt behavior and deemphasizing the importance of unobservable mental processes 3. studying implicit motivations for behavior through the use of implicit association tests 4. studying how emotional responses influence behavior while deemphasizing the importance of the subconscious

2. studying overt behavior and deemphasizing the importance of unobservable mental processes

The space between two neurons is called the ________. 1. soma 2. synapse 3. vesicle 4. terminal button

2. synapse

This organization, one of the largest professional groups of psychologists in the world, was founded in 1892. 1. The Centers for Disease Control 2. The American Psychological Society 3. The American Psychological Association 4. The National Institute of Mental Health

3. The American Psychological Association

Which of the following is one of the reasons that Gestalt psychology did not become more popular in the United States? 1. The proponents were supported and funded by the Nazi party. 2. The theories were not based on measurable data. 3. The rise of behaviorism overshadowed Gestalt psychology. 4. European psychology is not as rigorous as American psychology.

3. The rise of behaviorism overshadowed Gestalt psychology.

A(n) ________ variable is a factor that affects both variables of interest in research and may falsely give the impression of a cause-and-effect relationship. 1. control 2. independent 3. confounding 4. dependent

3. confounding

An upper-level psychology class is conducting an experiment on racial prejudice that involves having participants rate the likeability of faces in a set of photos. However, they tell participants that the study is about the effects of aging on likeability. When participants are finished, they are thanked for their time and leave the experiment. In this example, the class forgot to ________ in order to resolve the ________ in the study. 1. pay participants; use of personal photos 2. debrief participants; ageist attitudes 3. debrief participants; deception 4. pay participants; deception

3. debrief participants; deception

Parsons and her colleagues are doing a study comparing differences in brain activity levels between patients with schizophrenia and controls with no psychological disorders. Their hypothesis requires a high level of detail and good detection of differences over time. Which of the following is the best brain imaging technique to use? 1. positron emission tomography (PET) 2. magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) 3. functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) 4. computerized tomography (CT) scan

3. functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)

The ________ is the difference in charge between the intracellular and extracellular space of a neuron. 1. resting potential 2. extracellular fluid 3. membrane potential 4. intracellular fluid

3. membrane potential

Dmitris is in a car accident and his parietal lobe is injured. Which of the following is the most likely behavioral effect of his accident? 1. a loss of both his sense of taste and his sense of smell 2. Wernicke's aphasia 3. no sensation in his legs and feet 4. blindness

3. no sensation in his legs and feet

Ainsley is participating in a study that aims to determine whether the occipital cortex becomes more active in response to moving versus stationary stimuli. When she arrives at the lab, she ingests a "tracer" and then enters the scanning machine. What type of brain imaging is most likely being conducted in this study? 1. electroencephalograph (EEG) 2. computerized tomography (CT) scan 3. positron emission tomography (PET) 4. magnet resonance imaging (MRI)

3. positron emission tomography (PET)

Dr. Singh has just completed her PhD program and is now applying for a year-long program at a nationally-recognized hospital. If accepted, she will greatly advance her knowledge of behavioral neuroscience. Dr. Singh is applying for a(n) ________ training program. 1. psychiatric 2. fellows 3. postdoctoral 4. applied

3. postdoctoral

Sensory and motor neurons of the ________ nervous system are associated with activities traditionally thought of as conscious or voluntary. 1. parasympathetic 2. sympathetic 3. somatic 4. autonomic

3. somatic

Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from the case study of Phineas Gage's accident, which led to brain injury? 1. Injury to the frontal lobe does not affect behavior. 2. Temporal lobe injury causes people to be incapable of controlling their emotional impulses 3. Injury to the brain causes changes in behavior, but specific brain areas are not linked to specific behaviors 4. Injury to the brain causes changes in behavior, and specific brain areas are linked to particular behaviors.

4. Injury to the brain causes changes in behavior, and specific brain areas are linked to particular behaviors.

In order to assess whether viewpoints on decriminalization of marijuana for medical purposes change with age, four groups of participants, ages 20, 30, 40, and 50, are asked whether they support this issue. What is one flaw of this design? 1. Recruitment could be a challenge because people of different ages are difficult to sample. 2. Marijuana has already been decriminalized in some places. 3. Longitudinal research is time consuming. 4. Social or cultural factors may influence the results, not age.

4. Social or cultural factors may influence the results, not age.

The ________ nervous system is responsible for responses such as pupil dilation, increased heart rate, and increased respiration. 1. sympathetic 2. parasympathetic 3. somatic 4. autonomic

4. autonomic

Wendy's mother has blue eyes and her father has brown eyes. The allele for brown eye color is dominant (B) to the allele for blue eye color (b), but Wendy has blue eyes. Therefore, Wendy's ________ must be ________ and her father's must be Bb. 1. phenotype; Bb 2. genotype; Bb 3. phenotype; bb 4. genotype; bb

4. genotype; bb

The myelin sheath is made from ________. 1. axons 2. terminal buttons 3. somas 4. glial cells

4. glial cells

________ is a state of equilibrium, in which biological conditions (such as body temperature) are maintained at optimal levels. 1. reuptake 2. resting potential 3. synergy 4. homeostasis

4. homeostasis

A group of preschool-age children are enrolled in a study that plans to follow them over time in order to assess behaviors and other characteristics that may predict later development of schizophrenia. This is an example of a(n) ________ design. 1. experimental 2. cross sectional 3. survey 4. longitudinal

4. longitudinal

People who have their corpus callosum severed for medical reasons would be able to tell you about which images shown to ________. 1. neither visual field 2. both visual fields 3. only the left visual field 4. only the right visual field

4. only the right visual field

________ is/are often conducted with large numbers of participants and can even be conducted by phone, email, or mail. 1. case studies 2. university experiments 3. archival research 4. surveys

4. surveys