Psychology Exam 3 Study Guide
Which of the following is a psychedelic drug?
LSD
If a test is standardized, this means that
a person's test performance can be compared with that of a representative pretested group.
The minimum amount of stimulation a person needs to detect a stimulus 50 percent of the time is called the
absolute threshold.
Crystallized intelligence refers most directly to a person's
accumulated knowledge and verbal skills.
Cognition can be defined as
all of the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating.
A drug's overall effect depends on
all of these factors.
Achievement tests are designed to
assess learned knowledge or skills.
Depressants are drugs such as
barbiturates and opiates.
The normal curve is often described as
bell-shaped.
A prototype is a
best example of a particular category.
Cognitive neuroscience is most directly concerned with studying
brain activity and thought processes.
Subliminally presented stimuli
can sometimes be consciously perceived.
Belief perseverance refers to
clinging to one's initial conceptions after the basis on which they were formed has been discredited.
The psychological term for mental processes is
cognition.
A mental grouping of similar objects, events, ideas, or people is a(n)
concept.
Schemas are best described as
concepts that organize and interpret sensory input.
Sequential processing refers to
consciously focusing on one aspect of a problem at a time.
Sensation is the
detection and encoding of stimulus energies by sensory receptors and the nervous system
Sensory adaptation refers to
diminished sensitivity to an unchanging stimulus.
When asked to watch a video and press a key each time a black-shirted player passed a basketball, most research participants remained unaware of an umbrella-toting woman strolling across the video screen. This illustrated
inattentional blindness.
Unlike alcohol, the THC in marijuana
lingers in the body for more than a week.
THC, the active ingredient in ________, is classified as a ________.
marijuana; hallucinogen
An algorithm is a
methodical step-by-step procedure for solving problems.
Symptoms of drug withdrawal are likely to be
most severe among those with high levels of drug tolerance.
Morphine and heroin are
opiates.
Aptitude tests are specifically designed to
predict ability to learn a new skill.
Chemical substances that alter perceptions and moods are called ________ drugs.
psychoactive
The confirmation bias refers to the tendency to
search for information that supports our preconceptions.
Focusing conscious awareness on a particular stimulus is called
selective attention.
The cocktail party effect provides an example of
selective attention.
Perception is the process by which
sensory input is organized and interpreted by the brain.
Sensory receptors are
sensory nerve endings that respond to stimuli.
Bottom-up processing involves analysis that begins with the
sensory receptors.
Heuristics are
simple thinking strategies for solving problems quickly and efficiently.
Cocaine, amphetamines, Ecstasy, nicotine, and even caffeine are examples of
stimulants.
Drugs that excite neural activity and speed up bodily functions are called
stimulants.
Persistent substance craving and use despite significant life disruption and risk of physical harm is most characteristic of
substance use disorder.
Intelligence is best defined as
the ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations
A longitudinal study is one in which
the same group of people are tested and retested over a period of years.
Framing refers to
the way in which a problem or issue is phrased or worded.
The need to take larger and larger doses of a drug in order to experience its effects is an indication of
tolerance.
The effect of prior experience and current expectations on perception best illustrates the importance of
top-down processing.
Transduction refers to the process of
transforming stimulus energies into neural impulses.
Overconfidence refers to the tendency to
underestimate the extent to which our beliefs and judgments are wrong.
The use of e-cigarettes is also called
vaping.
A test is reliable if it
yields dependably consistent scores.
Fast and jerky movements of the eyes are especially likely to be associated with
REM sleep.
Spearman's g factor refers to
a general intelligence that underlies successful performance on a wide variety of tasks.
A perceptual set refers to
a mental predisposition that influences what we perceive.
Young teens are most likely to start smoking in order to
gain social acceptance.