psychology exam pt 3

epinephrine

(adrenaline) it causes an increase in heart rate, muscle strength, blood pressure, and sugar metabolism.

the resting potential.

Between signals, the neuron membrane's potential is held in a state of readiness. this is called ___

nervous

The ___ system is composed of two basic cell types: glial cells and neurons.

neuronal membrane

The neuron exists in a fluid environment—it is surrounded by extracellular fluid and contains intracellular fluid. the ___ keeps these two fluids separate—a critical role because the electrical signal that passes through the neuron depends on the intra- and extracellular fluids being electrically different

soma

The nucleus of the neuron is located in the ___. The ___ has branching extensions.

receptors

___ are proteins on the cell surface where neurotransmitters attach, vary in shape, with different shapes "matching" different neurotransmitters. The neurotransmitter and the ___have a lock-and-key relationship.

neurotransmitters

___ are the chemical messengers of the nervous system.

synaptic vesicles

___ house neurotransmitters,

axon

___ is a major extension of the soma. This is where signals are transmitted electrically.___ range in length from a fraction of an inch to several feet

terminal buttons

___ is an axon terminal containing synaptic vesicles

threshold of excitation

___ is where the neuron becomes active and the action potential begins

Glial cells

___ provide scaffolding on which the nervous system is built, help neurons line up closely with each other to allow neuronal communication, provide insulation to neurons, transport nutrients and waste products, and mediate immune responses.

Reuptake

___involves the neurotransmitter being pumped back into the neuron that released it, in order to clear the synapse.

synapse

___is a very small space between two neurons and is an important site where communication between neurons occurs. Once neurotransmitters are released into the ___ they travel across the small space and bind with corresponding receptors on the dendrite of an adjacent neuron.

all-or-none

___means that an incoming signal from another neuron is either sufficient or insufficient to reach the threshold of excitation. There is no in between, and there is no turning off an action potential once it starts

Dendrites

___serve as input sites where signals are received from other neurons.

neurons

___serve as interconnected information processors that are essential for all of the tasks of the nervous system. ___ are the central building blocks of the nervous system.

myelin sheath

glial cells form a fatty substance known as the ___which coats the axon and acts as an insulator, increasing the speed at which the signal travels. The ___ is crucial for the normal operation of the neurons within the nervous system: the loss of the insulation it provides can be detrimental to normal function.

Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)

involved in Brain function, sleep it has a potential effect on behavior of Decreased anxiety, decreased tension.

Norepinephrine

involved in Heart, intestines, alertness it has a potential effect on behavior of Increased arousal, suppressed appetite

dopamine

involved in Mood, sleep, learning. it has a potential effect on behavior of Increased pleasure, suppressed appetite.

Acetylcholine

involved in Muscle action, memory it has a potential effect on behavior of Increased arousal, enhanced cognition

serotonin

involved in mood, sleep it has a potential effect on behavior of Modulated mood and suppressed appetite

membrane potential

the ___ provides energy for the signal.