Psychology Final Exam
According to the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), in 2008, ________ of adults received treatment for a mental health issue.
13.4%
Which of the following is a drug that can be used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?
Adderall
Which of the following statements about the relationship between stress and performance is true?
As stress levels increase from low to moderate, performance increases
Which of the following is a good example of a resource-based definition of stress?
Bruce experiences stress because his heart rate increases when he noticed Jack had a knife.
Which of the following is an example of a stimulus-based definition of stress?
Caroline experiences stress because she is home alone and hears unusual noises outside.
Humanistic therapy is also called ________ therapy
Client-centered
Which of the following explains why most psychiatric hospitals emphasize short-term care?
Due to the very high cost of psychiatric hospitalization, insurance coverage often limits the length of time one can be hospitalized.
Which of the following is a good example of a flashback?
Eugene was in a motorcycle accident. When he hears a sudden loud noise he relives the accident and feels as if it is happening all over again.
Who developed biofeedback as a technique to treat combat stress?
Gary Schwartz
Which of the following exemplifies a symptom of autism spectrum disorder?
Gemma exhibits deficits in social interaction by not initiating conversations with other children, and she turns her head away when spoken to.
Which of the following is an example of a primary appraisal of a stressor?
Humphrey judges the man with the gun to be a moderate threat.
Nawaz and his boyfriend break up. Nawaz makes an internal attribution for this outcome. Complete the sentence to show an internal attribution that Nawaz could make. My boyfriend broke up with me because ________.
I am unlovable
Which of the following statements about psychoanalysis is false?
It was the dominant form of therapy in the 19th century.
Who identified psychological disorders as a harmful dysfunction?
Jerome C. Wakefield
Which of the following is an example of the exhaustion stage of the general adaptation syndrome?
Latricia has been lost in the woods for days. After such a long period of anxiety and fear, Latricia collapses by a tree.
Apollonia was diagnosed with major depressive disorder five years ago. She knows her mother took medicine to combat depression and she worries her daughter will experience depression too. Why?
Mood disorders have been shown to have a strong genetic and biological basis
According to research, how does the public view children and teens with mental health disorders?
Over 1,300 U.S. adults believe children with depression are prone to violence.
Which of the following is an example of a diathesis-stress model?
Ozzie has a genetic predisposition towards depression, but he did not experience depression until his mother and father died.
What did a 2006 special report by the Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS) suggest about the amount of mental illness in the criminal justice system?
People with mental illnesses are overrepresented in probation and parole populations
Which of the following is false of dissociative disorders?
People with these disorders exhibit a personality style that differs markedly from the expectations of their culture.
Which of the following exemplifies a symptom of histrionic personality disorder?
Phoebe feels uncomfortable when she is not the center of attention, and she has alienated friends by demanding excessive amounts of their attention.
Which of the following exemplifies a symptom of paranoid personality disorder?
Rafe is extremely suspicious of the people around him and mistrusts them for no identifiable reason.
Which of the following is an example of hopelessness theory?
Rochelle has an expectation that terrible things will happen and there is nothing she can do about it—this leads her to become depressed.
Is anger suppression or anger expression a more effective approach for coping with racism?
Some research shows anger suppression is more effective while other research shows anger expression is more effective.
Which of the following is a negative effect of extended cortisol release caused by chronic or prolonged stress?
The immune system is weakened
What should be changed to make the following sentence true? Carl Rogers believed most of our psychological problems are the result of repressed impulses and trauma experienced in childhood, and he believed psychoanalysis would help uncover long-buried feelings.
The name "Carl Rogers" should be changed to the name "Sigmund Freud."
What should be changed to make the following statement true? In the general adaptation syndrome, the fight-or-flight reaction describes the body's immediate reaction upon facing a threatening situation or emergency.
The phrase "fight-or-flight" should be changed to the word "alarm."
What should be changed to make the following sentence true? In aversion therapy, a therapist seeks to treat clients' fears or anxiety by presenting them with the object or situation that causes their problem, with the idea that they will eventually get used to it.
The word "aversion" should be changed to the word "exposure."
What should be changed to make the following sentence true? Psychoneuroimmunology evolved from the discovery that there is a connection between the peripheral nervous system and the immune system.
The word "peripheral" should be changed to the word "central."
What is one reason that more affluent individuals may experience better health?
They tend to believe they can personally control and manage their reaction to life's stressors.
Which of the following statements about autism spectrum disorder is incorrect?
This disorder involves feeling overwhelmed and sad for extended periods of time.
Who argued that the notion of mental illness was invented by society (and the mental health establishment) to stigmatize and subjugate people whose behavior violates accepted social and legal norms?
Thomas Szasz
Noomi seems to live by the "don't sweat the small stuff" concept. She is relaxed, laid-back, and never seems too concerned about meeting deadlines or finishing a to-do list. Noomi has a ________ personality.
Type B
Which of the following is an example of the resistance stage of the general adaptation syndrome?
Tyrique almost falls out of the tree, but he grabs a branch, and now that the danger of falling has passed, he focuses his energy and attention on getting down from the tree safely.
Marcy is in a car accident. This is an example of a(n) ________ stressor.
acute
In Hans Selye's rat study, rats that were exposed to stressors over a long period of time showed signs of ________.
adrenal enlargement, thymus and lymph node shrinkage, and stomach ulceration
From an early age, Kwaku got into trouble constantly. He continually violates the rights of others and he often lies, fights, and has problems with the law. Generally, he is impulsive and fails to think ahead. He is frequently deceitful and manipulative in order to get the things he wants, and he never regrets his misdeeds or considers the feelings of those he has harmed. Which of the following diagnoses accounts for Kwaku's personality?
antisocial personality disorder
________ disorders are characterized by excessive, persistent fear and apprehension and by related disturbances in behavior.
anxiety
________ were the first institutions created for the specific purpose of housing people with psychological disorders.
asylums
Egon can't pay attention in class. He is easily distracted, won't sit still, and displays poor impulse control. The school counselor suggested that his parents take him to a doctor to have him assessed for ________.
attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Rheumatoid arthritis is considered a(n) ________ disease because it involves the body mistaking its own healthy cells for invaders and repeatedly attacking them.
autoimmune
Kaz wants to stop biting his nails, so he rubs a strong bitter paste under his nails to make his nails taste bad. What technique is Kaz using to stop biting his nails?
aversive conditioning
Which of the following is a common characteristic of all dissociative disorders?
becoming split off, or dissociated, from one's core sense of self
Which of the following is an example of a stressor?
being in a car accident
The concept of perceived control refers to ________.
beliefs about the capacity to influence and shape outcomes in our lives
________ is stress-reduction technique whereby electronic equipment measuring a person's involuntary (neuromuscular and autonomic) activity helps him gain a level of voluntary control over these processes.
biofeedback
Mae notices that her daughter, Natalie, is extremely preoccupied with the freckles on her nose. Mae can barely see the freckles, but Natalie spends hours in front of the mirror and recently declared that her nose is deformed and she is ugly. She spent her entire weekend applying products to eliminate the freckles, and she recently announced her plans to save money for plastic surgery. Mae believes her daughter may have a ________ disorder.
body dysmorphic
Which group is play therapy often used to treat?
children
Addiction is often viewed as a(an) disease
chronic
What is comorbidity?
co-occurrence of two diseases
Which term refers to mental or behavioral efforts used to manage problems relating to stress, including the cause and the unpleasant feelings and emotions it produces?
coping
Aversive conditioning is a ________.
counterconditioning technique that pairs an unpleasant stimulant with an undesirable behavior
Jerry allows others to take over and run his life. He is submissive and clings to those around him. He cannot make decisions without advice and reassurance from others, probably because he lacks self-confidence. He finds it impossible to do things on his own, and he feels uncomfortable and helpless when he is alone. Which of the following diagnoses accounts for Jerry's personality?
dependent personality disorder
Anti-anxiety agents work by ________.
depressing central nervous system activity
Which of the following do not contribute to tension headaches?
depression
The ________ model suggests that people with a predisposition for a disorder are more likely to develop the disorder when faced with adverse environmental or psychological events.
diathesis-stress
Fidel suddenly wanders away from his home and experiences confusion about his identity. Fidel may be experiencing a(n) ________.
dissociative fugue
Donna exhibits two separate personalities, each well-defined and distinct from one another, so Dr. Paulson diagnosed Donna with ________ disorder.
dissociative identity
Oleksiy is an adjunct professor in the Department of Fine Arts. He applied for a full-time job recently, which he did not get. He tries to put this situation in a positive light, reminding himself that he will have more time to produce artwork if he is not working a full-time job. He also reminds himself that some of his friends from grad school can't find work related to art in any way. Which type of coping approach is Oleksiy using?
emotion focused
Anna is a school counselor. She hates going to work and wants to lock the door and cry whenever a student comes to her for help. She just doesn't feel like she has anything left to give. What aspect of job burnout does this exemplify?
exhaustion
Which of the following factors does not strongly predict the development of posttraumatic stress disorder?
experiencing trauma in isolation
________ is a state of intense engagement in an activity; it is usually experienced while participating in creative work and leisure endeavors.
flow
Dr. Xavier encourages his client to relax and say whatever comes to mind at the moment. Dr. Xavier is using ________ to treat his client.
free association
Miguel worries excessively about things beyond his control, and his worries often interfere with his life. He avoids driving because he worries about car accidents. He calls his parents twice a day because he worries they are dead. He checks his credit card statement three times a day because he worries about identity theft. Miguel probably suffers from ________.
generalized anxiety disorder
Which treatment modality involves 5-10 people with the same issue or concern meeting together with a trained clinician?
group therapy
What is the goal of humanistic therapy?
helping people become more self-aware and accepting of themselves
What triggers the secondary appraisal of a stressor?
how a threat is perceived
During the therapist's first meeting with the client, called ________, the therapist gathers specific information to address the client's immediate needs.
intake
Grace is talking with her wife, Myanna. Myanna starts crying, and Grace immediately assumes that Myanna wants a divorce. What kind of cognitive distortion is this?
jumping to conclusions
Which of the following defines antisocial personality disorder?
lack of regard for others' rights, impulsivity, deceitfulness, irresponsibility, and lack of remorse over misdeeds
Ocean Therapy involves group discussion and ________.
learning how to surf
Angela transfers to a new high school for gifted children and has trouble making friends. She expected this and plans to change it by joining more after school clubs and sitting next to different people at lunch. She believes she has effective options for dealing with the stressor of having no friends; therefore, she experiences ________.
less stress than someone who has no effective options
Jeff is an unforgiving perfectionist who would rather deliver work a week late than turn in a project with even minor mistakes. In fact, he spends so much time working that he never has time for anything else. Jeff is known to be rigid, inflexible, and stubborn, and he never compromises. Which of the following diagnoses accounts for Jeff's personality?
obsessive-compulsive disorder
If Laura has bipolar disorder, then she ________.
often experiences mood states that vacillate between depression and mania
Identify the compulsion in the following example. Demarco can't stop thinking about his book collection, which includes hundreds of first editions. He wants it to be in a particular order. He spends hours every day organizing his books alphabetically by author, then by color, then by size.
organizing the books
________ delusions involve the (false) belief that other people or agencies are plotting to harm the person.
paranoid
Developing stomach ulcers during a prolonged period of stress exemplifies how stress can have a negative ________ impact.
physiological
Harlow is eight years old. She sees Dr. Gardener every Friday at 11:00 a.m. Their sessions involve Dr. Gardener watching Harlow interact with stuffed animals and other toys. What kind of psychotherapeutic orientation does this exemplify?
play therapy
Which of the following is not a risk factor for suicide?
popular music that promotes suicide
In medieval times, abnormal behaviors were viewed as a sign that a person was ________.
possessed by demons
Keegan is a police officer. She was recently placed on administrative leave because she was shot during an armed robbery. Since the shooting, she can't stop thinking about how it felt to be shot, she is often angry with her husband, she jumps when she hears a loud noise, and she takes a 15 minute detour when driving home to avoid the neighborhood where it happened. Keegan probably suffers from ________.
post-traumatic stress disorder
Deinstitutionalization refers to the ________.
process of closing large asylums
A school counselor leads a support group for children whose parents have AIDS. The counselor focuses on defining AIDS, discussing treatment and side effects of treatment, and how the children can develop coping mechanisms. This exemplifies ________.
psycho-educational treatment
Elena is attending mandatory therapy sessions. Her doctor just wants her to talk about her childhood. What kind of psychotherapeutic orientation does this exemplify?
psychodynamic psychotherapy
Schizophrenia is considered a ________ disorder.
psychotic
Joffrey talks and moves slowly. When asked a question, he answers slowly in monotone monosyllables, if he answers at all. Joffrey is experiencing psychomotor________.
retardation
_______ have over 85% of the l,669 federally designated mental health professional shortage areas.
rural areas
Veena's thoughts, perceptions, and behaviors are impaired to the point where she is unable to function normally in life. She experiences significant difficulties in many day-to-day activities, such as holding a job, paying bills, grooming, maintaining personal hygiene, and sustaining relationships. Which of the following disorders is Veena living with?
schizophrenia
Which psychological disorder is characterized by major disturbances in thought, perception, and behavior?
schizophrenia
________ is a subtype of depression in which a person experiences the symptoms of major depressive disorder only during a particular time of year.
seasonal pattern
Electroconvulsive therapy is effective in alleviating symptoms for people with ________.
severe depression who have not responded to traditional drug therapy
Advice, guidance, encouragement, acceptance, emotional comfort, and financial help are all examples of ________.
social support
The use of ________ can result in decreased appetite, difficulty sleeping, stomachache, and headache.
stimulants
For Burt, who has claustrophobia, a small dark room creates a small amount of fear, a stairwell creates a bit more fear, and an elevator creates the most fear. Burt's therapist induces deep relaxation and asks him to imagine a small dark room. Gradually, they will work up to having Burt imagine being in an elevator. What aspect of exposure therapy is this?
stimulus hierachy
What kind of family therapy involves the therapist guiding the therapy session and developing treatment plans for each family member's specific problem?
strategic
On the advice of her therapist, Thora decides to treat her fear of heights by exposing herself to heights using a stimulus hierarchy. Which form of therapy is she using?
systematic desensitization
Which of the following is not a reason that ADHD may be overdiagnosed?
the amount of ADHD in the population has increased tenfold since it was first identified.
Which of the following is an example of eustress?
training for a marathon
Lexi cannot control her impulses to pull out her hair. Her friend Paul suggests that she see a therapist and Lexi agrees. She gets a referral from her primary care physician for a therapist and begins seeing Dr. Clark four times a month. What kind of treatment does this describe?
voluntary
Due to Dominique' s obsessive-compulsive disorder, she may ________.
wash her hands every 10 minutes throughout the day.