Psychology Module 26

The factors associated with creativity include:

expertise and a venturesome personality.

When someone mentions that they saw a bird out of a window, DeJuan immediately thinks of a robin. A robin is an example of the _____ of the concept of a bird.

prototype

The more people examine the evidence for their point of view, the more they tend to:

become convinced they are correct.

Solving an algebra problem exemplifies _____ because there is generally one right answer to such a problem.

convergent thinking

While studying chimpanzees, _____ observed that animals have the ability to display insight.

Wolfgang Köhler

The tendency to search for information that supports one's preconceptions is called the _____ bias.

confirmation

The ability to produce ideas that are both useful and novel is called:

creativity

"How many uses can you think of for a brick?" Norman is asked by the examiner. Norman is taking a test of:

divergent thinking.

Most adults are more likely to choose a birth control method that is said to have a 95 percent success rate than one that is said to have a 5 percent failure rate. This BEST illustrates the impact of _____.

framing

Mikesh is taking a child development class and has been assigned a class project of his choice. He has chosen to analyze child drawings. He collected child drawings from a nearby elementary school from a total of 50 children in the third grade. Now he is in the process of analyzing the drawings and preparing his presentation. He has completely lost track of time. He meant to work on this for only an hour but when he looks at the clock 3 hours have passed. He is completely interested in the project and finds it challenging to analyze them. Mikesh is demonstrating _____ motivation.

intrinsic

Glenn has a cockatiel that he has trained to discriminate between pictures of dogs and cats. He shows the cockatiel a picture of a dog and the bird pecks at a dog symbol on the cage. Glenn shows him a picture of a cat and the bird pecks at a cat symbol. The bird is showing:

that it can form concepts.

"You always clam up when I ask you what's wrong," Iris tells her partner. Iris is probably making this frequency judgment because she can remember a few times that her partner would not tell her what was bothering them. Iris is demonstrating:

the availability heuristic.

In testing thousands of different materials for use as light bulb filaments, Thomas Edison BEST illustrated a problem-solving approach known as:

trial and error.

A fixation refers to an inability to:

view a problem from a fresh perspective

In research studies in which subjects were asked to make a choice regarding a complex problem, they made the best decision when they:

were slightly distracted.

Which person is demonstrating creative thinking?

Forty-one-year-old Mary is a worldwide traveler who invents various recipes that combine cuisine she has sampled from around the world.

Jamilla systematically tried each successive key on her dad's key ring until she found the one that unlocked his office door. This BEST illustrates problem solving by means of a(n):

Algorithm

Creativity is the ability to:

produce novel and valuable ideas.

Arnold had difficulty recognizing that bullfighting was a sport because it failed to resemble his _____ of a sport.

prototype

In "person-who" reasoning, one offers the experience of a single individual as evidence to evaluate a claim. "But I know a person who smokes 2 packs a day. He's 88 and in great health!" Person-who reasoning is persuasive because it is easy to imagine the individual whose experience is cited. Person-who reasoning is BEST seen as capitalizing on:

the availability heuristic.

In the last few months of 2001, after the 9/11 attacks, many Americans believed flying was more dangerous than driving. This led to a major increase in traffic fatalities. This flaw in reasoning is known as:

the availability heuristic.

When one estimates the likelihood of events based on the ease with which they are retrieved from memory, one presumes that easily remembered events are common. This is called:

the availability heuristic.