Psychology Module 7

Which of the following is an example of a variable ratio reinforcement schedule?

Joyce playing scratch-off lottery tickets

Kieran is attempting to condition a parrot to greet him when he enters the room. He repeatedly pairs his entry to the room with a treat for the parrot. Kieran can say that ________ has occurred as soon as the parrot greets him in response to his entry.

acquisition

Classical and operant conditioning are forms of ________ learning.

associational

Which of the following experiments involves the use of social learning theory?

determining how long it takes a person to learn how to knit if she is only allowed to watch YouTube videos of people knitting

What did John B. Watson and Rosalie Rayner demonstrate with their studies of Little Albert?

emotion can be a conditioned response

Gus receives a paycheck every week. Which reinforcement schedule is this?

fixed interval

In ________ conditioning, an established conditioned stimulus is paired with a new neutral stimulus.

higher order

Which experiment involves the use of classical conditioning?

knowing that a student fears exams, the instructor wears a bright red shirt only on exam day, every exam day, to see how long it is before the red shirt becomes an object of fear to the student

What do psychologists call a relatively permanent change in behavior or knowledge that results from experience?

learning

In operant conditioning, what describes adding something to decrease the likelihood of behavior?

punishment

Which of the following experiments involves the use of operant conditioning?

rewarding a child for finishing his oatmeal mush and counting how many times the child needs to be rewarded before he finishes his oatmeal voluntarily

Which process involves observing a model being punished and then becoming less likely to imitate the model's behavior?

vicarious punishment

Which of the following is an example of operant conditioning?

when a dog plays dead she gets a treat in order to encourage her to repeat the behavior

To maximize learning, a ________ should be presented on a(n) ________ schedule.

CS + UCS; continuous

Jemma wants to teach her son to say thank you. Every time he says thank you, Jemma praises him and gives him a hug. Which reinforcement schedule is this?

continuous

In operant conditioning, ________ is when something is removed to increase the likelihood of a behavior.

negative reinforcement

In ________ reinforcement, the person or animal is not reinforced every time a desired behavior is performed.

partial

In classical conditioning, the ________ is an unlearned reaction to a given stimulus. For example, if you have an allergy to pollen and sneeze, sneezing is an unlearned reaction to the pollen (i.e., the stimulus).

unconditioned response

Harold catches fish throughout the day at unpredictable intervals. Which reinforcement schedule is this?

variable interval

What was the main point of Ivan Pavlov's experiment with dogs?

Learning can occur when a conditioned stimulus is paired with an unconditioned stimulus.

Kerry is conditioned to fear strawberries. Raspberries are similar to strawberries, and even though no attempt was made to make Kerry fear raspberries, she reacts with fear when she sees them. This is an example of ________.

stimulus generalization

Which of the following is an example of a fixed interval reinforcement schedule?

taking your dog to the park every afternoon at 4:00 p.m.

When an organism receives a reinforcer each time it displays a behavior, it is called________ reinforcement.

continuous