Psychology of Adolescence PSY 234 EXAM 3 Friendships
Recall and explain what Harry Stack Sullivan meant by chumships
Adolescence "Chumships" is a close friends with close bond but NOT romantic.
Distinguish between different levels of friendship
Best: higher intimacy Close: time spent together Acquaintance:
Explain developmental changes in the gender makeup of friendships
Boys.- activities group level Girls.- conversations, dialect base, one-to-one (dyad)
Explain what affects friendship dissolution
Break of Trust.- brake of intimacy Communication.- lack of it, gradually Intimacy.- Time Together.- less spend time together
Explain factors that relate to who adolescents make friends with
Chumpships.- close bond NOT romantic Intimacy.- degree of intimacy Formation *Homophily.- similarity in values, interest, romantic, etc *Proximity.- who is around us
Identify the different forms of friendship quality
Companionship.- spending time together/amount of time Conflict.- agreement vs disagreement Help/Aid.- physical aid Security.- emotional help Closeness.- emotional bond
Describe the gender difference in adolescent friendships
Difference in time together Mix-sex groups.- (during late adolescence H.S.) Other-sex friendship.- (rare until emerge Adulthood) Traditional cultures.- (girls-spent more time w/mom and restricted friendship; Boys-broad socialization)
Describe the methods of how friendships are studied
Friendship Nomination (ranking of friendship) *limit on numbers (i.e. top 10) *reciprocated vs NOT Cliques Observe Interactions *bring dyad into lab *give a task (how they work together) Quantity vs Quality *companionship (i.e. amount of time spent together) *conflict (agreement vs disagreement) *help/aid (physical help) *security (emotional help) *closeness (emotional bond)
Explain cultural differences in boys vs. girls adolescent friendships
Girls.- spent more time with mom and restrictive friendship Boys.- broad socialization
Identify different forms of friendship support
Informational.- security aspect/emotional component, i.e. friend be there when need it Instrumental.- help/aid aspect Companionship.- spend time on specific times Esteem.- encourage/supportive
Explain the reasons why it is important to study peer relationships
Interaction Time (increases as we grow) Long-Term Outcome Cognitive Changes (imaginary audience, how mind works) Judith Rich Harris (parents vs peer 1990's)
Contrast friendship quantity from quality
Quantity.- is the number of friends a person might have but not necessary close each other. it usually when alone it might not feel complete. Quality.- emotional bond among them in where the amount of friends is not important.
Describe what effect friendships have on adolescents' lives and development
Selection vs Socialization.- tend to do more activities together due to similarities. Contagion Effects.- positive and negative behaviors Emotional Satisfaction.- chumpships feel more positive