psychology Quiz - Chapter 1

The text's unifying theme that "psychology is empirical" implies that psychologists base their conclusions on

direct observations

Structuralism is the historical school of psychology that asserted that the purpose of psychology was to

discover the smaller elements that comprise consciousness

Which of the following is NOT good advice for improving your test-taking ability?

don't change answers on a multiple-choice test; your first answer is usually best

The school of psychology that states "the task of psychology is to analyze conscious experience into its basic elements" is

structuralism

Which of the following sounds LEAST like the work of an applied psychologist?

studying basic learning processes in rats

That you normally use a knife, fork, and spoon to eat dinner BEST reflects your

cultural heritage

Which of the following psychologists would have been most likely to assert that "free will is an illusion"?

B.F. Skinner

A scientist uses _____ to explain a set of observations

a theory

Colleges and universities are the primary work setting for approximately _____ of American psychologists

28%

_____ refers to the widely shared customs, beliefs, values, norms, institutions, and other products of a community that are transmitted socially across generations.

Culture

Manny tends to be very passive and allows people to take advantage of him. What would a humanist be MOST likely to say about Manny?

Manny can become more assertive once he begins to feel better about himself and recognizes that he has the ability to fulfill his potential.

Which of the following is NOT something an industrial/organizational psychologist would typically be involved with?

assisting displaced workers with career counseling

According to research findings, which of the following has been found to be associated with higher grades?

attending class regularly

Which of the following is NOT good advice for developing sound study habits?

avoid taking study breaks while studying

Watson defined psychology as the scientific study of

behavior

The text's two unifying themes of "behavior is shaped by cultural heritage" and "heredity and environment jointly influence behavior" can BEST be viewed as both describing more specialized statements of which other theme?

behavior is determined by multiple causes

Evolutionary psychology examines _____ processes in terms of their adaptive value for members of a species over the course of many generations

behavioral

In the 1950s Skinner argued that psychology should return to a strict interpretation of the principles of

behaviorism.

Which of the following psychological perspectives is MOST likely to focus on interrelations among the mind, body, and behavior?

biological perspective

Darnell is working on a computer system that will have full language recognition capabilities. The type of psychologist that could probably give Darnell the most help in developing this computer system would be a _____ psychologist

cognitive

The approach that contends psychology must study internal mental events in order to fully understand behavior is

cognitive psychology.

Which of the following is NOT listed in the textbook as an effective study technique?

concentrate your study time immediately before an exam

Which point of view emphasizes the adaptive (survival or reproductive) value of behavior?

evolutionary psychology

The school of psychology associated with understanding the purpose of consciousness is

functionalism.

Text marking or highlighting is likely to

help if key ideas are marked and reviewed later

Which of the following is one of the text's unifying themes related to the subject matter of psychology?

heredity and environment jointly influence behavior

The theoretical orientation that emphasizes the unique qualities of humans, especially their freedom and potential for personal growth, is

humanism

As the result of a breakdown in communication, morale is low among employees in a local factory. A(n) _____ psychologist would be MOST likely to be helpful in restoring communication and improving morale.

industrial/organizational

If you are like most students, cramming for an exam is a(n) _____ study strategy

ineffective

Empiricists believe that all knowledge is derived from

observation

In criticizing the structuralists' reliance on the method of introspection, William James argued that two people could view the same stimulus quite differently. James's argument illustrates which of the textbook's unifying themes?

our experience of the world is highly subjective

Which of the following is NOT a major area of specialization of applied psychology?

personality psychology

The text's definition of psychology states that psychology is both a science and a(n)

profession.

Sigmund Freud developed an innovative procedure for treating people with psychological problems, which he called

psychoanalysis

In the 1920s there were many fundamental disputes between competing schools of thought in psychology. These disputes illustrate which of the textbook's unifying themes?

psychology is theoretically diverse

Which of the following is NOT one of the text's unifying themes related to the subject matter of psychology?

psychology is theoretically diverse

Which of the following is NOT included in the text's definition of psychology?

psychology primarily studies the unconscious mind

Psychologists who strive to promote the cognitive, emotional, and social development of children in education settings are

school psychologists.

A research psychologist who worked as a consultant for a marketing company would MOST likely have a background in

social psychology

Which field of psychology studies attitude change and group behavior

social psychology

Dr. Vasquez has found that many Asians feel uncomfortable with the expression of emotions and disclosure of personal information. As a consequence, Dr. Vasquez has made several suggestions for ways in which psychological counseling might be modified to benefit people from Asian backgrounds. Based on this information, you could infer that Dr. Vasquez investigates

the role of cultural factors in psychological processes

The text's unifying theme that "psychology is theoretically diverse" implies that

there are often several ways to interpret a set of observations.