psychology quiz number 4: Prenatal development

Teratogens are... Select one: a. ...substances, such as viruses and drugs, that can cause birth defects. b. ...strings of genetic material in the nuclei of cells. c. ...branchlike protrusions from the cell bodies of neurons.

a. ...substances, such as viruses and drugs, that can cause birth defects.

Which of the following is a characteristic of a child born with fetal alcohol syndrome? Select one: a. The child may be mentally retarded. b. The child may have a smaller than average space between nose and mouth. c. The child may have a smaller, more pointed nose. d. The child may be born larger than other infants of comparable maturity and may continue to be larger than its age peers throughout life.

a. The child may be mentally retarded.

What is organogenesis? Select one: a. The process by which the basic structures of the embryo's organs, organ systems, and body parts are completed. b. The process by which the basic structures of an embryo's sex organs (uterus, ovaries, penis, testes) are sufficiently formed to allow sex determination. c. The process by which the cells which will form the placenta, amnion, and umbilical cord begin to differentiate and form the beginnings of these structures.

a. The process by which the basic structures of the embryo's organs, organ systems, and body parts are completed

Recent research has found that diseases that appear as we age may be a result of which of the following? Select one: a. Genomic imprinting b. Polygenetic inheritance c. Genomic inheritance d. Polygenetic imprinting

a. genomic imprinting

What is the term used to describe an individual's whole set of observable characteristics? Select one: a. Phenotype. b. Genotype. c. Omnitype.

a. phenotype

The embryonic stage of gestation covers what time period? Select one: a. The first 3 - 8 weeks b. The first trimester c. The first month d. The first 3 - 8 months

a. the first 3-8 weeks

When does a developing fetus begin to respond to sound? Select one: a. 22-26 weeks b. 13 - 16 weeks c. 36-40 weeks d. 6 - 10 weeks

b. 13-16 weeks

Which of the following is a characteristic of a child born with fetal alcohol syndrome? Select one: a. The child may have a smaller than average space between nose and mouth. b. The child may be mentally retarded. c. The child may be born larger than other infants of comparable maturity and may continue to be larger than its age peers throughout life. d. The child may have a smaller, more pointed nose.

b. The child may be mentally retarded.

A normally developing fetus has reached a length of 12 inches and weighs about one pound. Using ultrasound it is possible to tell if the fetus is male or female. In which stage of development is this fetus? Select one: a. Embryonic b. Fetal c. Implantation d. Germinal

b. fetal

The embryonic stage of gestation covers what time period? Select one: a. The first month b. The first 3 - 8 months c. The first 3 - 8 weeks d. The first trimester

b. the first 3-8 months

Lorna notices that her fetus has begun to kick and move. Her physician tells her that she can hear a heartbeat with a stethoscope. Lorna is most likely at what point in her pregnancy? Select one: a. 13 - 16 weeks b. 32- 36 weeks c. 17 - 20 weeks d. 9 - 12 weeks

c. 17-20 weeks

What does current research say about smoking during pregnancy? Select one: a. Nicotine is powerfully addictive, and smoking mothers risks giving birth to an addicted neonate who would experience respiratory distress, asthma, or emphysema. b. Infants whose mothers smoked during pregnancy have higher rates of heart defects and lung defects. c. Pregnant women should quit smoking because infants whose mothers smoked during pregnancy weigh an average of one-half pound less at birth. d. Nicotine has been linked to mental retardation in infants whose mothers smoked during their entire pregnancies.

c. Pregnant women should quit smoking because infants whose mothers smoked during pregnancy weigh an average of one-half pound less at birth.

Which of the following is a conclusion drawn from The Cat in the Hat studies? Select one: a. That developing fetuses are unable to hear. b. That developing fetuses are able to hear, but they can not distinguish between differing sounds. c. That newborn infants respond to sounds that they heard during the last trimester of development. d. That newborn infants prefer the sound of their mothers' voice over that of strangers.

c. That newborn infants respond to sounds that they heard during the last trimester of development

Which of the following is a conclusion drawn from The Cat in the Hat studies? Select one: a. That newborn infants prefer the sound of their mothers' voice over that of strangers. b. That developing fetuses are unable to hear. c. That newborn infants respond to sounds that they heard during the last trimester of development. d. That developing fetuses are able to hear, but they can not distinguish between differing sounds.

c. That newborn infants respond to sounds that they heard during the last trimester of development.

Which of the following terms describes physical traits which are influenced by both genes and the environment? Select one: a. Epifactorial b. Polygenetic c. Dominant-Recessive d. Multifactorial

d. multifactorial

Carmelita has smoked an average of one pack of cigarettes per day throughout her pregnancy. How is this likely to affect her fetus? Select one: a. The infant will have an elevated risk for mental retardation and deafness. b. The research is unclear as to the effects of smoking on fetuses. c. The infant may weigh less than normal at birth. d. The infant is likely to be born with physical deformities.

c. The infant may weigh less than normal at birth

Which of the following best describes neuronal proliferation? Select one: a. The rapid formation of nerves in the brain and spinal cord which takes place during the first trimester. b. The rapid increase in the formation of neurons which takes place between 8 and 12 weeks of gestation. c. The rapid increase in the formation of neurons which takes place between 10 and 18 weeks of gestation. d. The spreading of peripheral nerves from the central nervous system which takes place between 10 and 18 weeks of gestation.

c. The rapid increase in the formation of neurons which takes place between 10 and 18 weeks of gestation

Pregnant women should eat foods high in folic acid, such as beans or spinach, during pregnancy. What is the purpose of this dietary recommendation? Select one: a. To reduce the effects of stress on the fetus b. To ensure sufficient weight gain for a healthy baby c. To reduce the risk of neural tube defects such as spina bifida d. To help moderate the effects of teratogens to which the fetus might be exposed Feedback

c. To reduce the risk of neural tube defects such as spina bifida

What occurs in the germinal stage of prenatal development? Select one: a. The baby attains viability. b. The organs begin to develop. c. The placenta and umbilical cord develop.

c. the placenta and umbilical cord develop

Nadia is exposed to high levels of radiation during the 6th, 7th, and 8th weeks of gestation. Which of the following organ structures in the fetus are most likely to show abnormalities? Select one: a. Only the brain and spinal cord b. The palate of the mouth and the ears c. The heart and lungs d. Virtually all organ systems are vulnerable during this time.

d. Virtually all organ systems are vulnerable during this time.

At what point does the fetal period begin? Select one: a. After the dendritic arbor forms around the umbilical cord b. When implantation is complete c. Immediately after the sex of the child can be determined d. When the process of organogenesis is complete

d. When the process of organogenesis is complete

Skylar has brown eyes, thin lips, and curly brown hair. Which of these traits is polygenic? Select one: a. Curly hair b. Thin lips c. Brown hair d. Brown eyes

d. brown eyes