Psychology Test 1-3

their corpus callous cut

"Split brain" patients are patients who have had

testable

According to the scientific method, all hypotheses should be

study of behavior and mental processes

As a scientific endeavor, the goal of psychology is primarily the

pitch

Bridgette hates it when her little sister sings. The sound waves that her sister produces have a high frequency, contributing to her sister's high

dignity and feeling of self-worth may be negatively impacted

Jenna is being treated for a substance abuse problem but is not allowed to make any decisions regarding her own treatment. Which of the following is most likely to result from this?

they pick up incoming messages and transmit them to the cell body

Which of the following is true about dendrites?

our society today is made up of many different cultures

Why should psychologists study human diversity?

pick the object out of a group of hidden objects using her left hand, but cannot identify it verbally

A "split brain" patient is asked to stare at a spot on a screen. When a picture of an object is shown to the left of the spot, the patient can

convergence

A binocular cue for distance based on the degree of tension required to focus two eyes on the same object is called

somatic nervous system?

A classmate of yours complains that they are very warm due to the professor raising the temperature in the room. You are concerned that you do not seem to be able to feel the heat in the room. What aspect of your nervous system should you have checked?

javery lttle evidence to support such claims

A classmate of yours would like to begin studying individuals who claim to have the ability to move objects with their minds. What will your classmate likely find?

hear and see objects clearly

A construction worker has experienced a severe level of trauma directed at the sides and back of his head. It is likely that he will experience impairments in his ability to

the levels of the patients hormones in various areas of their body

A doctor believes that a patient is having trouble maintaining a proper level of homeostasis, which he attributes to broad dysregulation of the patient's internal activity. Which of the following should the doctor examine to test this hypothesis?

their amygdala and hippocampus

A doctor is worried about a patient who has recently begun showing signs of memory loss. They have also begun behaving more agitated and fearful in recent days. Which areas of the patient's brain should this doctor look into?

reflexes

A doctor taps you on the knee with a small hammer during a routine checkup. It is likely that she is testing your

his ability to think critically and make decisions

A football player has experienced damage to his central nervous system. Which of the following processes are most likely to be affected?

pineal gland?

A friend of yours complains that they have been having trouble falling asleep at night. Which of the following glands is likely the culprit of their difficulties?

Laterization

A friend of yours wants to learn more about why certain parts of the brain are more effective at responding to certain environmental influences than others. Your friend is broadly interested in

polygenic traits

A geneticist informs you that your love of music is likely influenced by a number of different genetic variations. This observation refers to the influence of

spinal cord

A new student in your class cannot move without the assistance of a wheelchair. The most likely cause of this is dysfunction in their

dopamine

A person with schizophrenia is most likely to have a problem with which of the following neurotransmitters?

the corpus callous is like a bridge that allows the 2 hemispheres of the brain to communicate

A professor of psychology wants to explain the functioning of the corpus callosum to her class. Which of the following metaphors should she use to accurately explain the purpose of this structure?

sample

A psychologist studying children with autism selects a random group of children who are hopefully representative of all children who have been diagnosed with the disorder. The group of children being studied by this psychologist is collectively known to researchers as what type of group?

evolutionary

A psychologist who studies mate selection, altruism, and jealousy in a variety of cultures over a span of time to learn how humans have developed is most likely which type of psychologist?

he should blow a can or pressurized air into the faces of volunteers to demonstrate how spinal reflexes prevent dust from entering sensitive areas on the body

A psychology professor wants to demonstrate how spinal reflexes help an individual avoid harm by using an interactive exercise. Which of the following activities would best make his point?

humans are able to detect no less than 5,000 different odors according to most scientific estimates

A psychology professor wants to describe exactly how potent the human sense of smell is. Which of the following points could he make?

spinal reflex

A reflex that may involve as few as two neurons is a

representative

A researcher goes to great lengths to ensure that the proportion of males and females in his study matches the proportion of males and females nationally. He is selecting what type of sample?

introduce a sensory stimulus to only one side of the body

A researcher is interested in stimulating brain activity in a specific hemisphere of her subjects' brains. Which of the following methods would be most appropriate for her research?

the results of case studies do not always generalize to the larger population

A researcher is interested in studying whether early fame causes child celebrities to become egotistical and self-centered. To this end, the researcher completes a case study of a young female actor. He finds that the actor's personality remains stable, despite her increasing fame. Which of the following is the greatest issue with interpreting the findings of this study?

there may be some connection between the noise and the leopard

A researcher is performing a naturalistic observation study with chimpanzees in Africa. One day, she notices that the chimpanzees are making more noise than normal. Later that same day, she notices a leopard in the area. Which of the following could the researcher conclude?

twin study

A researcher wants to conduct a study investigating the influence of a specific gene on aggressive behavior. However, she does not want to spend a lot of resources recruiting subjects with specific traits and histories. Which of the following studies should she use?

men

A researcher wants to include a large sample of left-handed subjects in her study investigating brain lateralization. Which of the following demographics should she attempt to recruit more subjects from?

each member of the population has an equal opportunity to be included in the sample

A sample is considered to be random if

replication

A scientist wishes to support the findings of her previous study. By conducting a second study, the scientist is aiming to demonstrate what in her study's design?

MRI

A technique that uses a field to create a computerized image of internal bodily structures is known as

afferent neurons

A young man returns from a day at the beach to find he has developed a severe sunburn. Which neurons are sending messages from his burned skin to his brain informing him of the pain from the burn?

Pheromones

After coming into contact with the clothing of a member of the sex you are attracted to, you find yourself feeling more sexually aroused. This is most likely due to the effects of

Acetylcholine

Alex's elderly father has been having problems with memory and speech, and Alex suspects he may have Alzheimer's disease. This diagnosis is later confirmed by his father's doctor, who explains to Alex that Alzheimer's has been linked to degradation of the brain cells that produce and respond to what neurochemical?

she will experience a reduction in her ability to appreciate the feel of objects

Alicia's doctor informs her that she has a rare disease that affects the ability of her sensory neurons to transmit information to her brain. Which of the following symptoms is Alicia most likely to experience?

peripheral

All of the things that our brains register through our senses (sights, sounds, smells, temperature, taste, and pressure) are relayed through which of our nervous systems?

they will perform better than competitors who do not hire a brain researcher to advise them

An advertising firm chooses to hire a brain researcher to advise their staff on how best to reach their target audience. If they apply the researcher's advice, how will they likely perform compared to competitors?

reflex

An automatic, unlearned response to certain stimuli is a(n)

the program that the children watch

An experiment on children's television program viewing and evidence of creativity divides child participants into two groups. Each group watches separate children's programming for one month, and both groups are then given a test to measure creativity. In this test, the independent variable is

slightly more

Are males more or less likely than females to be left-handed?

broca's area?

As a general rule, people are able to speak their native language due to the proper functioning of

John Watson & B.F skinner

Behaviorism is associated with which two leading figures?

he is mostly correct, except that anabolic steroids also increase the amount of testosterone in the bloodstream, leading to greater levels of aggression

Blake believes that anabolic steroids are only harmful in terms of the dangerous amounts of muscle mass they produce and the damaging effects they have on sexual characteristics, such as breasts and gonads. What is wrong with Blake's belief?

familial association study

By far, the best form of associational research that has the ability to entirely control for genetic influences is a

perceptual constancy

Carolina is able to maintain the correct impression of an object's size, shape, and color due to the process of

endocrine system

Claire wants to investigate communication phenomena related to the regulation of major bodily processes. However, she is not interested in conducting brain research, preferring instead to focus on communication that occurs through hormones. Which of the following bodily systems should she devote the most time to studying?

he may use animals as subjects

DeShawn is researching the effects of brain lesioning on depression. For ethical reasons, he is not able to cut into the brains of study participants. What may be an alternate research method that he could use and still be in compliance with APA ethical guidelines?

he could spin around very quickly to cause himself to lose his balance

Desmond is a psychology student looking to demonstrate the effects of a compromised vestibular sense to his classmates. Which of the following could he do?

he could consider what he wants to to paint holistically, instead of focusing on its individual parts

Dion wants to learn how to create a beautiful painting using the principles of top-down processing. What would be the best way for him to do this?

he must submit the protocol to an institutional review board for review and approval

Dr. Smith is writing the protocol for a new study on depression. What is the next step Dr. Amith needs to take?

dichromatic individuals may also be unable to see other combinations of paired colors

During class discussion, Ishmael argues that individuals who are dichromatic are only unable to see red or green. What is wrong with his argument?

agonists typically increase the availability of neurotransmitters that are transmitted only rarely and are dangerous otherwise

During your psychology class, a fellow student argues that agonists are not dangerous since they increase the amount of neurotransmitters available for neurons to use. What is wrong with her argument?

Structuralism

E. B. Titchener founded which perspective of psychology?

he could avoid traveling near fast food restaurants when he is Hungry

Enlil wants to train himself to avoid eating unhealthy foods when he is hungry. Which of the following strategies best applies the principles of selective attention to his goal?

temporal lobes

Esteban can easily tell the difference between his girlfriend's voice and that of his mother thanks to the functioning of his

senses

Experiences of touch, pressure, warmth, cold, and pain that involve stimulation of receptors in the epidermis are known as skin

he could describe a person attempting to tell the difference between two lights of similar brightness

Felipe is trying to explain the concept of Weber's law to his younger brother. If he wanted to illustrate this concept, which of the following examples should he use?

new research methods made the scientific study or mental processes possible

Following the rise of behaviorism, what led to a renewed interest in things that we cannot observe directly such as thoughts, feelings, and sensory experiences?

the unconscious

Freud's psychodynamic theory emphasized the importance of

take more nasal decongestant to restore his sense of smell

Hamid has a cold and is finding it difficult to taste his favorite foods. What is one thing he could do to improve his sense of taste?

both positive and negative images

Hansen is examining differences in personality between individuals. One technique that he likely employs is having subjects view

the relations between action potentials and resting potentials

Harriet wants to learn more about how electrical signals are transmitted through neurons. Which of the following should she spend the most time studying?

warm his hands by the fire in order to activate his sensory neurons

Harry notices that his fingers are numb after spending an afternoon outside during the winter. What should he do to return feeling to his fingers?

neuromarketing

Idana is a researcher interested in the impact of advertisements on the brain. Idana is broadly interested in

brain plasticity is like a computer program that changes its code to function more smoothly after a virus

If a psychology professor wanted to illustrate the phenomenon of brain plasticity using an analogy, which of the following should they use?

resting potential?

If an incoming message is not strong enough to cause a neuron to fire, it may cause a shift in the electrical charge of just a tiny area of the neuron. This shift, which quickly fades away, is known as what process?

debriefed as the study concludes

If deception in research must be used, it must be justified, and participants must be

researchers must adhere to the principles of academic integrity

In order for researchers to build on the results of other psychologists, they must generally have confidence in the data collected by other researchers. Which of the following is critical for this to occur?

a guess about the relationship between two variables

In science, the term theory refers to

the withdrawal reflex

Jeremy's brother occasionally pranks him by unplugging a warm clothing iron and telling him to touch it. If Jeremy wanted to avoid getting burned, which spinal reflex would be most helpful to him in this situation?

identify the people involved and look at pictures of them

Johan wants to deeply remember a special moment from his childhood. Which of the following could he do?

attempt to create a sensory bottleneck by applying warmth or cold to the affected area

Jose would like to relieve the sensation of pain afflicting an injury on his arm without necessarily changing his cognitions. Which of the following could he do?

her cerebral cortex

Judith reports difficulties learning new skills through the processes of trial-and-error. Which part of her brain should her neurologist investigate first?

focus on the individual symbols and rules of the language

Junpei is attempting to master an entirely new language. Which of the following is he most likely to do?

the pituitary gland and the thyroid gland

Justinian is interested in identifying parts of the endocrine system responsible for long-term processes related to growth. Which of the following glands should he pay the most attention to?

familial association study

Kara believes that kindness is a trait that has been passed down to her from her parents and grandparents. One way she could investigate this claim is with a

neuromarketing

Katara wants to know if a certain image of a political candidate causes people to listen more closely or tune out during a political event. Which of the following fields should she study most closely?

she should send a saliva sample to a DNA analysis lab

Keely wants to examine her genetic makeup and is looking for methods by which she can view her genotype. Which of the following should she do?

how subjects brains react to desirable and aversive stimuli

Lavina is interested in understanding more about individual differences in personality using brain-scanning technology. Which of the following is a current focus of research that she could examine further?

ask split brain patients to describe objects that are displayed in their right visual field

Lilja wants to demonstrate the importance of the left hemisphere of the brain in controlling speech and language processing. How should she go about doing this?

association areas

Locations in the cerebral cortex that piece together sensory information to form meaningful perceptions of the world and perform higher mental functions are

monochromat

Lori's vision most closely resembles an old movie before the introduction of color footage. Lori is a

most psychologist are skeptical about the reality of extrasensory experience given the lack of consistent data examining such abilities

Louise believes that her older sister has the ability to tell the future. She also claims that her sister can read minds. What might Louise want to know about the scientific understanding of her sister's abilities?

epilepsy

Mahjiid suffers from periodic seizures due to the rapid firing of neurons across both hemispheres of his brain. Mahjiid suffers from

ask the subject to demonstrate how to use a pencil while also asking the subject to name the pencil

Mahlah wants to study the effects of split-brain surgery on subjects' abilities to recognize objects. Which of the following methods should she employ?

whether Mandy has developed any abnormal growths in her brain

Mandy has an appointment to undergo a computed tomography scan early next month. Assuming she doesn't do any other tests, what will her doctor be able to conclude from the results of this scan?

neurotransmitters are important for allowing neurons to respond and communicate with each other overall

Marin is explaining the importance of neurotransmitters to her friend. If she wanted her friend to truly understand the importance of neurotransmitters, what should she tell them?

neuropsychology

Marlisa is a researcher who is studying brain MRIs of patients with severe anxiety. She hopes to identify exactly how brain chemistry changes during an anxiety attack. Marlisa is working in which field of psychology?

phenotype

Meara's hair changes color from blonde to dark brown in the sun. This is an example of the manifestation of her

biofeedback training

Ming Yue is learning to exercise control over his bodily processes through a form of training in which he learns to recognize the inner workings of his body. This training is known as

taste receptors

Nerve cells that are sensitive to different flavors are called

afferent

Neurons that carry messages from the sense organs to the spinal cord or the brain are called what type of neurons?

sensory neurons

Neurons that collect messages from sense organs and carry those messages to the spinal cord or the brain are

one axon and many dendrites

Neurons typically have what type of structure?

naturalistic observation

Observing behavior as it happens in natural settings without imposing laboratory controls is known as which research method?

sensory neurons carry messages from sense organs to the brain and spinal cord

Of the following, which is the correct definition?

sensory, or afferent, neurons carry messages from sense organs to the brain and spinal cord

Of the following, which is the correct definition?

adjust her arm to improve circulation and restore activity to her motor neurons?

Oleta wakes up to find that her arm is numb and slow to respond when she tries to move it. What should she do to improve her ability to move her arm?

survey

Political polls taken before major elections are examples of which research method?

glands are necessary for producing hormones, not neurons transmitters, which regulate between neurons

Qin Yu has recently learned that his glands are dysregulated. He believes that this means his neurons will stop communicating with each other. What is wrong with Qin's belief?

talking; listening

Respectively, Broca's area is important for what brain function, and Wernicke's area is important for what brain function?

familial association studies

Rokuro would like to investigate to what extent depression appears among relatives. Which of the following studies would be acceptable to conduct if he is not concerned with identifying the relative contributions of genetics and environment to the manifestation of depression?

cerebral cortex

Shakira is able to think abstractly and express her emotions far more clearly than her pet dog. This is because she has a larger

Psychoanalysis

Sigmund Freud was a leading figure in which perspective of psychology?

behavioral

Skinner's work and this school of thought had a powerful influence on modern psychology.

genotypes

Stacey is a researcher examining the effects of individual variations in chromosomes and DNA on behavior, or

she will assume that the people who are standing most closely together belong to the same group

Stacie is shown a photo of a group of people standing loosely in a line. What is she most likely to assume about these individuals?

pituitary gland

Stan is a nine-year-old boy who is far taller than other children his age. It is likely that he has an overactive

the participant will suffer psychological distress

Suppose a participant in an experiment feels pressured by researchers to continue, despite wishing to withdraw after the experiment begins. Which of the following is the most likely consequence of this situation?

development of ethical orientation for young women may not be the same as for young men

Suppose a study is conducted examining the development of ethical orientation in young men. Why should the researchers be cautious about generalizing their results to both sexes?

correlation does not prove causation

Suppose that people who watch a lot of violence on TV are also particularly likely to behave aggressively. This relationship would NOT necessarily indicate that watching violence on TV influences aggressive behavior because

a neuron fires at full strength or not at all

The "all or none law" is the principle stating that

informed consent must be documented

The American Psychological Association's Code of Ethics governing research requires which of the following?

stress

The adrenal glands are important in your body's reaction to what?

broca's

The area of the frontal lobe that is crucial in our ability to talk is which area?

parasympathetic

The branch of the autonomic nervous system that calms and relaxes the body is which division?

a single individual or group is studied in great depth

The case study is a research method in which

work and impact our behavior

The cognitive perspective is BEST defined as the research perspective whose major explanatory focus is how mental processes such as perception, memory, and problem solving

The function of the neuron's axon is to do what?conduct outgoing electrochemical impulses toward other neurons, muscles, or glands

The function of the neuron's axon is to do what?

receive messages from neighboring neurons

The function of the neuron's dendrites is to help do what?

pitch

The highness or lowness of a sound that corresponds to the frequency of the sound wave is

Cerebrum

The largest mass of the forebrain consisting of two hemispheres is the

bipolar cells

The layer of cells in the eye that connect photoreceptors to ganglion cells contains

controlling learning and emotional behavior

The limbic system is responsible for

frontal

The lobe of the brain that serves as the "executive control center" for the brain is which of the following?

cell body

The part of a neuron which contains the nucleus and has a complete set of the neuron's chromosomes and genes is called the

the cell body

The part of a neuron which contains the nucleus and has a complete set of the neuron's chromosomes and genes is called the

hypothalamus

The part of the brain responsible for emotional behavior such as experiencing rage, terror, or pleasure is the

medulla

The part of the hindbrain that controls functions such as breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure is the

peripheral nervous system

The part of the nervous system that connects the spinal cord and brain with the sensory organs, muscles, and glands is the

insulate the neuron so it can transmit information more efficiently

The primary purpose of the myelin sheath is to function as what for a neuron?

Gestalt law of proximity

The principle that objects that are near each other will be perceived as belonging to a common set is

similarity

The principle that objects that are similar will be perceived as belonging to the same group is

Perception

The process by which the brain integrates, organizes, and interprets sensory impressions to create representations of the world is known as

accommodation

The process by which the lens changes its shape to focus images more clearly on the retina is called

Functionalism

The psychological school that asks, "What are mental processes for?" rather than "What are mental processes?" is which of the following?

kinesthesia

The sense that keeps us informed about movement of the parts of the body and their position in relation to each other is called

protecting the nerves linking the brain to the body

The spine refers to the part of the skeleton responsible for

behaviorism

The uncovering of learning processes that explain all behaviors, especially observable behaviors, is the goal of which perspective?

Gestalt psychology

This early perspective of psychology focused more on the perception of patterns and whole figures than the individual aspects of a stimulus.

correlational measures

To discover the extent to which economic status can be used to predict political preferences, researchers are most likely to use

how heart activity is represented in the brain?

Troy wants to use brain-scanning research as part of his undergraduate thesis. Which of the following subjects of research should he attempt to explore?

CT scan

Vincent's oncologist has just informed him that he has cancer. Which of the following neuroimaging procedures has Vincent's oncologist most likely done?

how rapidly the neuron fires

What communicates the strength of a message in the form of neural impulses?

Wilhelm Wundt

What individual is often credited with establishing the first psychological laboratory, thus establishing psychology as an experimental science?

they are involved in the inhibition of pain

What is the role of endorphins?

electroencephalograph

What is the term for a device that records electrical activity in the brain?

photoreceptors

What is the term for light-sensitive cells in the eye upon which light registers?

the spinal cord

What is the term for the column of nerves that transmits information between the brain and the peripheral nervous system?

sensation

What term describes the process by which we receive, transform, and process stimuli from the outside world to create sensory experiences?

Structualism

What was the first formal school of thought in psychology which sought to analyze the basic elements of conscious mental experience?

Neurotransmitters

When a neural impulse reaches the end of an axon, it causes tiny oval sacs at the end of the axon to release chemicals called

privilege and power

When interacting with clients or research participants with less education or lower socioeconomic status, psychologists should be especially sensitive to issues related to

Werenicke's area

Which cell's primary function is to provide support for neurons, hold them together, and help remove waste products and other substances, which could otherwise harm them?

glial

Which cell's primary function is to provide support for neurons, hold them together, and help remove waste products and other substances, which could otherwise harm them?

left hemisphere

Which hemisphere of the cerebral cortex is usually dominant in language tasks?

a prediction about the relationship between 2 or more variables

Which is the best definition of the term hypothesis?

impending or obstructing the work of competitors

Which of the following behaviors is likely to give a researcher a bad reputation among peers and threaten his or her academic credibility?

a research method which uses only a single subject

Which of the following best describes a case study?

protecting the rights of vulnerable or mentally ill individuals

Which of the following is a major human dignity issue for psychologists?

blinking when someone blows a puff of air in your eyes during an eye exam

Which of the following is an example of a spinal reflex?

the belief that if you cannot measure something, it cannot be an object of scientific study

Which of the following led to the rise of behaviorism?

olfactory nerve

Which of the following nerves carries impulses from the nose to the brain?

plasticity allows the brain to compensate somewhat for injuries in certain ways

Which of the following statements about plasticity is true?

very little scatter with data points going from top left to bottom right

Which of the following types of scatterplots depicts a weak, negative correlation?

the central nervous system

Which part of the nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord?

when a banks interest rates go down, the amount of money borrowed goes up

Which relationship between variables is described by a negative correlation?

a researcher draws 60 names from a hat that contains the names of all 300 instruction workers on a job site in order to survey them about the job sites safety practice

Which sampling procedure is MOST likely to produce a random sample?

functionalists

Which school of thought proposed that psychology should explain how people adapt or fail to adapt to the real world outside of the laboratory, thus becoming the first applied psychologists?

brightness constancy

While in a dark room, Santiago continues to perceive his white phone as being lighter than its surroundings due to the influence of

parietal lobes

Winona immediately recognizes when she has entered a room that is a few degrees cooler than the one she was in previously. Her ability to notice temperature differences is due to functioning of her

pancreas

Xerxes has diabetes. His body has trouble regulating the production of insulin, which is used to break down sugars. Xerxes likely experiences dysregulation in his

endocrine system

You are interested in learning more about how the body uses chemicals to communicate through the bloodstream. You are interested in the

automatic nervous system?

You're walking all alone down a dark street when suddenly you hear a scream and then footsteps coming closer and closer. Your heart begins to pound, you're scared stiff, and you feel like running. Which part of the nervous system causes your body's reaction?

cornea

Your optometrist recommends that you take measures to protect the surface of your eye. This recommendation most likely refers to protecting the

the control center of the brain

Your psychology professor informs you that the best way to think of the prefrontal is as

be able to adapt as long as the operation was done early in life

in the event that someone has one of their brain hemispheres removed, their brains will