Psychology test 1

The process of developing a sense of identity during adolescence was highlighted by: a. Erikson's psychosocial development theory. b. Piaget's cognitive development theory. c. Kohlberg's moral development theory. d. Harlow's attachment theory.

Erikson's psychosocial development theory

The importance of schemas was most clearly highlighted by: a. Erikson's psychosocial development theory. b. Piaget's cognitive development theory. c. Harlow's attachment theory. d. Kohlberg's moral development theory.

Piaget's cognitive development theory

The process of imprinting occurs during a brief developmental phase known as: a. menarche. b. puberty. c. menopause. d. a critical period.

a critical period

A child's realization that others may have beliefs which the child knows to be false best illustrates the development of: a. object permanence. b. egocentrism. c. a theory of mind. d. stranger anxiety.

a theory of mind

After Nadia learned that penguins can't fly, she had to modify her existing concept of birds. This best illustrates the process of: a. conservation. b. assimilation. c. habituation. d. accommodation.

accommodation

Research on developmental stability and change indicates that: a. at the age of 1 or 2, adult personality traits are still largely unpredictable. b. development is almost completely dominated by discontinuity over time. c. temperament is a particularly unstable trait. d. all of the above are true.

at the age of 1 or 2, adult personality traits are still largely unpredictable

People's styles of romantic love in adulthood are most likely to reflect their childhood: a. habituation. b. egocentrism. c. theory of mind. d. attachment experiences.

attachment experiences

"I don't care whether you want to wash the dishes, you will do so because I said so!" This statement is most representative of a(n) ________ parenting style. a. preconventional b. authoritative c. formal operational d. authoritarian

authoritarian

Deficient social interaction and an impaired understanding of others' states of mind is most characteristic of: a. autism. b. menarche. c. crystallized intelligence. d. object permanence.

autism

Two closed, pyramid-shaped beakers containing clearly identical amounts of a liquid are suddenly judged by a child to hold different amounts after one of the beakers is inverted. The child apparently lacks a: a. sense of object permanence. b. concept of conservation. c. capacity for habituation. d. secure attachment.

concept of conservation

A series of small strokes that progressively damage an elderly person's brain is most likely to produce: a. menarche. b. dementia. c. crystallized intelligence. d. Alzheimer's disease.

dementia

Compared to a century ago, menarche occurs ________ in life and adult independence begins ________ in life. a. later; later b. earlier; earlier c. later; earlier d. earlier; later

earlier; later

By a week after birth, infants are able to distinguish between their mothers' and strangers': a. faces. b. voices. c. body odors. d. tender touches.

faces

As adults age, they show the greatest declines in: a. fluid intelligence and in the memory capacities needed to recognize recently presented information. b. fluid intelligence and in the memory capacities needed to recall recently presented information. c. crystallized intelligence and in the memory capacities needed to recognize recently presented information. d. crystallized intelligence and in the memory capacities needed to recall recently presented information.

fluid intelligence and in the memory capacities needed to recall recently presented information

The most immediate and direct function of the rooting reflex is the facilitation of: a. identity. b. object permanence. c. food consumption. d. visual development.

food consumption

he sexual abuse of a very young child is so emotionally repulsive to most people that they immediately recognize it as shamefully immoral. This best illustrates that moral judgments may reflect: a. habituation. b. insecure attachments. c. gut-level intuitions. d. concrete operational thought.

gut-level intuitions

Marissa resents the burden and constraints of caring for her infant daughter and frequently ignores her cries for attention. As a consequence, her daughter is most likely to display signs of: a. egocentrism. b. accommodation. c. insecure attachment. d. conservation.

insecure attachment

People differ the most in their learning and memory abilities during: a. late adulthood. b. early adulthood. c. middle adulthood. d. later adulthood.

later adulthood

A researcher who administers a personality test to the same children every 3 years as they progress through school is conducting a(n) ________ study. a. longitudinal b. experimental c. cross-sectional d. chronological

longitudinal

Infants' tendency to gaze longer at novel stimuli than at familiar ones provides compelling evidence regarding their: a. self-concepts. b. egocentrism. c. stranger anxiety. d. memory capacities.

memory capacities

A reduction in estrogen levels is most closely associated with: a. puberty. b. menopause. c. Alzheimer's disease. d. fetal alcohol syndrome.

menopause

Compared to the children with authoritarian parents, the children of authoritative parents are: a. less likely to develop a sense of self-reliance and more likely to demonstrate social competence. b. more likely to develop a sense of self-reliance and less likely to demonstrate social competence. c. less likely to develop a sense of self-reliance and less likely to demonstrate social competence. d. more likely to develop a sense of self-relian

more likely to develop a sense of self-reliance and more likely to demonstrate social competence

Nutrients and oxygen are transferred from a mother to her developing fetus through the: a. embryo. b. ovaries. c. teratogens. d. placenta.

placenta

10. Mark believes that choosing to violate government laws is morally justifiable if it is done to protect the lives of innocent people. Kohlberg would suggest that this illustrates ________ morality. a. conventional b. unconventional c. preconventional d. postconventional

postconventional

Jarrud thinks he should obey his teachers only if they are carefully watching him. Kohlberg would suggest that Jarrud demonstrates a(n) ________ morality. a. conventional b. unconventional c. preconventional d. postconventional

preconventional

Jessica acts so differently with her parents than with her girlfriends that she often thinks her personality is completely phony. Erik Erikson would have suggested that Jessica is experiencing: a. egocentrism. b. insecure attachment. c. role confusion. d. fluid intelligence.

role confusion

Female breasts are to ________ as male testes are to ________. a. menarche; menopause b. menopause; menarche c. secondary sex characteristics; primary sex characteristics d. primary sex characteristics; secondary sex characteristics

secondary sex characteristics; primary sex characteristics

Although 3-year-old Adam happily explores the attractive toys located in the dentist's waiting room, he periodically returns to his mother's side for brief moments. Adam most clearly displays signs of: a. secure attachment. b. object permanence. c. egocentrism. d. conservation.

secure attachment

During Piaget's sensorimotor stage, children acquire a: a. theory of mind. b. concept of conservation. c. sense of object permanence. d. capacity for abstract reasoning.

sense of object permanence

For the unborn children of mothers who smoke heavily, nicotine is a(n): a. agonist. b. depressant. c. teratogen. d. hallucinogen.

teratogen