Psychology Test 2

Which of the following scenarios acts as the closest analogy to the function of the myelin sheath in the brain?

Amber is waxing her surfboard so that it will move easily through water

Which division of the peripheral nervous system is responsible for carrying messages to and from the body's internal organs and monitoring processes such as breathing, heart rate, and digestion?

Autonomic Nervous System

Which of the following is a function of the cell body in a nerve cell?

Brings information to the neuron and sends information to other neurons.

Area of the brain responsible for understand language:

Broca's Area

What does the neurotransmitter acetylcholine do?

Causes muscles to contract, activates pain responses, and regulates REM sleep functions

Donny suffered a stroke a few years ago. For many months, he was unable to coordinate his movements making it impossible for him to even stand up. Since then, he has been walking in a jerky, uncoordinated manner. In this scenario, Donny's symptoms after the stroke are most likely due to damage to his _______

Cerebellum

What part of the hindbrain that is involved in sleep and arousal?

Cerebellum

Which of the following best describes the process of transmitting information within a neuron in the context of specialized cell structure?

Dendrite-- Cell Body -- Axon

Parkinson disease is specifically associated with low levels of the neurotransmitter _____

Dopamine

The myelin sheath is a layer of cells containing ______

Fat

Zeus was injured in a mining accident and suffered severe brain damage. In time, his brain healed and he was back to working in the mines. The only change was in his personality. From being a highly aggressive and temperamental individual, he became mild-mannered and calm, almost to the extent of being placid. In this scenario, the region of the cerebral cortex that was most likely damaged in the accident was the ______ lobe.

Frontal

Joe has suffered a massive stroke. Since then, he has started repeating many of his actions through the day. He brushes his teeth many times in the morning and takes a shower many times before bedtime. This is because he is unable to retain any memories of his actions. These behavioral symptoms are most likely due to a damaged _____

Hippocampus

Old-fashioned telephone systems relied on operators to take incoming calls and connect them to the appropriate persons they were intended for. Which structure of the brain functions in an analogous manner?

Hypothalamus

While Professor Travis is on the phone, he notices a glass vase sliding off the top shelf of his bookcase and about to fall on his dog. He moves quickly to catch the case and prevent it from falling on his dog. The quick movement of his hand is most likely a result of a process in the:

Motor Cortex

A neurobiologist explains to this students that the human nervous system is analogous to electrical circuits i homes. If the circuit wires are not insulated, they are likely to cause a short circuit. In this scenario, the insulation on the wires can be likened to the _____ in the neural system.

Myelin Sheath

The body's electrochemical communication circuitry is known as the _____ system.

Nervous

Is Acetylcholine produced in excess in alzheimers disease?

No, it decreases

Alfred is a middle-aged man whose eyes can physically see the car driving up to him but whose brain is unable to interpret the information and move away in time. In this scenario, the area of Alfred's brain that is most likely damaged is the ______

Occipital

The area critical for processing visual information is the _____ lobe

Occipital

Judith has been asked to visit a well-known neurologist in her town, who will examine the levels of glucose in Judith's brain. Which of the following techniques will the neurologist most likely use to conduct the examination?

PET scan

Gregory is an excellent basketball player. He is always able to gauge the distance between himself and the basket correctly, and he never misses a shot. Which of the following regions of the cerebral cortex should function most efficiently to help him use this spatial location skill?

Parietal Lobe

Normally, when a neuron is not transmitting information and slight negative charge is present on the inside of the cell membrane, it is said to be ______

Polarized

Which of the following regions of the cerebral cortex is involved in higher cognitive functions such as planning, reasoning, and self-control?

Prefrontal Cortex

Neurotransmitters are stored in the:

Presynaptic Vesicles

The cell membrane of a neuron permits some substances to pass through it but not others. This is because the membrane is ______

Semipermeable

Julie hears some news about a bus accident on television. She believes her son was on the same bus and is overcome by anxiety which is primarily cause by her _____ nervous system. When her son phones and informs her that he was not on the bus, Julie is relieved and begins to relax. This response is primarily caused by her _____ nervous system.

Sympathetic; Parasympathetic

Jen and Jack are seated in the same row in an airplane but across the aisle from each other. If the information they exchange across the aisle represents the neural impulse between neurons, and Jen and Jack represent the neurons, the aisle most likely represents the _____

Synapse