Psychology Unit 1

What kind of psychologist was John Watson?

A behaviorist

What is vertigo?

A spinning sensation

William James is considered the first _______________Psychologist and started the school of _________________

American; Functionalism

Linguistics, neuroscience and computer science were considered to be part of

Cognitive Revolution

Which field of psychology includes the following concepts: figure-ground relationship, law of continuity, and principle of closure?

Gestalt

Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from the case study of Phineas Gage's accident, which led to brain injury?

Injury to the brain causes changes in behavior, and specific brain areas are linked to particular behaviors.

How does a cochlear implant enable the deaf to hear?

It receives incoming sound information and directly stimulates the auditory nerve to transmit information to the brain

The word "psyche" literally means:

Soul

John Watson is known for starting

The school of behaviorism

This person is considered the founding father of psychology

Wilhelm Wundt

________ is the electrical signal that typically moves from the cell body down the axon to the axon terminals

action potential

Sariah enters a room with several chirping crickets in it. Upon first entering the room, Sariah can hear the chirping; however, as she begins to talk to her friends, she is no longer aware of the chirping even though it is still there. The fact that Sariah no longer perceives the chirping sound demonstrates sensory ________

adaptation

During the fight or flight response, which of the following endocrine glands is most likely to increase activity?

adrenal

Bob is at a bar full of music, chatter, and laughter. He gets involved in an interesting conversation with a woman named Mona, and he tunes out all the background noise. Bob's friend, Karen, taps him on the shoulder and asks what song just played on the jukebox. Bob says he doesn't know, even though he is sitting right next to the jukebox and is familiar with popular music. This illustrates the role that ________ plays in what is sensed versus what is perceived.

attention

Inattentional ________ refers to the failure to notice something that is completely visible due to a lack of attention

blindness

The ________ connects the brain and the spinal cord.

brain stem

Which of the following higher level processes is not a function of the cerebral cortex?

breathing

The visible spectrum refers to the portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that we ________

can see

The two major divisions of the nervous system are the ________ and ________.

central; peripheral nervous systems

The ________ receives messages from muscles, tendons, joints, and structures in our ear to control balance, coordination, movement, and motor skills.

cerebellum

Petra walks into a brightly lit Psychology lab to participate in an experiment involving the ability to perceive the colors of the rainbow. Which photoreceptors will be most useful during this experiment?

cones

Light waves are transmitted across the ________ and enter the eye through the ________

cornea; pupil

________ is a neurotransmitter involved in mood, reward, addiction, and motor behavior

dopamine

Gyri and sulci are the ________ and ________, respectively, which characterize the surface of the human brain.

folds; grooves

Hertz is a measure of ________

frequency

The first scientific psychological laboratory was opened in:

germany

________ is a state of equilibrium, in which biological conditions (such as body temperature) are maintained at optimal levels

homeostasis

The endocrine system consists of a series of glands that produce chemical substances known as ________.

hormones

What is described by the concept of perception?

how sensory information is interpreted and consciously experienced

The analysis of one's consciousness is known as:

introspection

Which term describes the perception of the body's movement through space?

kinesthesia

Which of the following is not involved in critical thinking?

knowing your opinion is correct

________ is the differences between hemispheres in the areas underlying language function.

lateralization

Randolf is walking down the street of his hometown, after being away for several years, when he smells the scent of freshly baked pie coming from a local baker. He suddenly has vivid memories of walking down this street as a child, holding both of his parents' hands, and swinging between them, feeling relaxed and happy. This is because the sense of smell projects directly to the ________, which is responsible for ________ memories

limbic system; emotional

Within the visible spectrum, our experience of red is associated with ________

longer wavelengths

Our vestibular sense contributes to our ability to ________.

maintain balance and body posture

Derek is in a car accident and his parietal lobe is injured. Which of the following is the most likely behavioral effect of his accident?

no sensation in his legs and feet

Which nerve carries visual information from the retina to the brain?

optic

________ refers to the way that sensory information is interpreted and consciously experienced; ________ refers to what happens when sensory information is detected by a sensory receptor.

perception; sensation

Initially, psychology was considered to be a branch of

philosophy

The ________ gland is often referred to as the master gland of the endocrine system

pituitary

Wesley is in a movie theater with no windows—the only light is low illumination from the emergency lights on the floor. Which photoreceptors will be most useful to Wesley as he attempts to leave the theater?

rods

Catherine is at a crowded baseball game when she loses track of her son, Nick. Despite the loud cheering and noise of the crowd, she can pinpoint his location when he calls for her because she can distinguish the sound of his voice from the all the other voices. This illustrates ________ theory

signal detection

Congenital deafness refers to deafness ________

since birth

Which of the following exemplifies olfaction?

smelling cookies in the oven

The central nervous system consists of the brain and the ________

spinal cord

According to William James, the purpose of psychology was to ________

study the function of behavior

Behaviorism focuses on making psychology an objective science by ________.

studying overt behavior and de-emphasizing the importance of unobservable mental processes

Jeremy has Parkinson's disease, a progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects motor skills. In addition to motor symptoms, Jeremy has noticed changes in his mood, and he feels the need to smoke more cigarettes than he used to. It is likely that Jeremy's ________ is producing less ________ than it needs to

substantia nigra; dopamine

The ________ nervous system is responsible for responses such as pupil dilation, increased heart rate, and increased respiration

sympathetic

The space between two neurons is called the ________

synapse

The cognitive revolution created an impetus for psychologists to focus their attention on better understanding ________.

the mind and mental processes that underlie behavior

Psychology refers to the ________.

the scientific study of mind and behavior

Vinnie is standing on one leg with his arms in the air. The ________ sense helps keep him balanced so he has less chance of falling over

vestibular